Moral decision-making at night and the impact of night work with blue-enriched white light or warm white light: a counterbalanced crossover study

Figures & data

Figure 1. Spectral distribution of the two light conditions.

Table 1. Linear mixed model analyses of activation of the post-conventional schema (P-score), maintaining norms schema (MN-score), and personal interests schema (PI-score).

	P-score					MN-score					PI-score
Predictors	Estimates	95% CI	Statistic	df	p (p^holm)	Estimates	95% CI	Statistic	df	p (p^holm)	Estimates	95% CI	Statistic	df	p (p^holm)
Intercept	44.25	38.87 − 49.63	16.57	45.49	<0.001	30.63	24.11 − 37.14	9.53	36.13	<0.001	18.58	15.12 − 22.04	10.72	64.68	<0.001
Condition
Warm white light (n = 27)	Ref.					Ref.					Ref.
Blue-enriched white light (n = 28)	3.26	−1.11 − 7.63	1.50	49.14	0.140 (0.140)	−1.43	−5.37 − 2.50	−0.73	49.62	0.468 (0.468)	−0.01	−3.87 − 3.88	−0.00	49.73	0.996(1.000)
Daytime (n = 27)	7.00	2.49 − 11.51	3.12	49.07	0.003 (0.006)	−4.52	−8.58 – −0.46	−2.24	49.61	0.030 (0.119)	−0.99	−0.99 − 3.01	−0.50	49.95	0.620(1.000)
Sex
Male						Ref.
Female						−4.59	−12.08 − 2.90	−1.26	27.11	0.219 (0.439)
Age (centered)						2.91	−0.61 − 6.43	1.70	26.27	0.102 (0.305)
Random Effects
Residual		62.17				50.62					48.27
Subject		141.25				65.58					31.79
ICC		0.69				0.56					0.40
N / N observations		30 / 80				30 / 80					30 / 79
Marginal R^2 / Conditional R^2		0.038 / 0.706				0.135 / 0.624					0.003 / 0.399

Results from the final models with best fit according to likelihood ratio tests (for PI-score no fixed factors improved model fit).

CI confidence interval, df degrees of freedom, p^holm Holm-Bonferroni adjusted P-value, Ref. reference, ICC intraclass correlation coefficient.

Figure 2. Activation of (A) post-conventional schema (P-score), (B) maintaining norms schema (MN-score) and (C) personal interests schema (PI-score). Left panels shows raw scores (grey dots) and Estimated Marginal Means (EMMs) with 95% CI (black dots and error bars) during night work (at 03:30  h) in warm white light and blue-enriched white light, and during daytime. Right panels shows EMMs with 95% CI during night work (light conditions collapsed) and daytime.

Data availability statement

Data from this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.