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Annals of Medicine Volume 39, 2007 - Issue 3
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Three circadian clock genes Per2, Arntl, and Npas2 contribute to winter depression

Timo Partonen Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
,
Jens Treutlein Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Addiction Medicine and Addictive Behaviour, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
,
Asude Alpman Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Subdivision of Genetics and Teratology, Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Medical Faculty, Bornova‐Izmir, Turkey
,
Josef Frank Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Addiction Medicine and Addictive Behaviour, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
,
Carolina Johansson Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
,
Martin Depner Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Addiction Medicine and Addictive Behaviour, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
,
Liviu Aron Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
,
Marcella Rietschel Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Addiction Medicine and Addictive Behaviour, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
,
Stefan Wellek Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
,
Pia Soronen Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
,
Tiina Paunio Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
,
Andreas Koch Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, University Clinic of Schleswig‐Holstein, Kiel, Germany
,
Ping Chen Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
,
Mark Lathrop Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
,
Rolf Adolfsson Division of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden
,
Maj‐Liz Persson Section of Psychiatry, Neurotec Department, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
,
Siegfried Kasper Department of General Psychiatry, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
,
Martin Schalling Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
,
Leena Peltonen Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
&
Gunter Schumann Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Addiction Medicine and Addictive Behaviour, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; Section of Addiction Biology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
 show all
Pages 229-238 | Received 21 Nov 2006, Accepted 09 Feb 2007, Published online: 08 Jul 2009

Figures & data

Figure 1. Gene regions and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analyzed.

Figure 1. Gene regions and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analyzed.

Table I. Minor allele frequencies.

Table II. Genotype distributions.

Table III. Step‐wise logistic regression analysis of the single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Table IV. Odds ratios of the risk versus the protective and of the risk versus the remaining genotype combinations.

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