The association of hypertension and aortic valve sclerosis

Figures & data

Table I. Studies examining the relationship between hypertension and aortic valve sclerosis (AVS).

Author	Name	Type	Method BP assessment	Definition of hypertension	Definition of AVS on echocardiogram
Aronow et al. [11]	None	Case/control	Medical records	BP>160/90 on 3 occasions	Aortic leaflet calcification or leaflet thickening
Pasierski et al. [12]	SHEP	Case/control	SHEP Protocol	SBP 160–219 and DBP<90	Aortic leaflet or aortic root ‘calcification’
Lindroos et al. [13])	Helsinki	Cross‐section	Survey protocol	BP>160/95 or medications	Aortic leaflet thickening and ‘calcification’ includes some cases of aortic stenosis
Boon et al. [14]	None	Case/control	Not stated	BP>160/90 or medications	Aortic leaflets with focal areas of echogenicity decreased valve mobility without obstruction
Stewart et al. [4]	CV Health Study	Cross‐section	Survey protocol	Self‐reported history of hypertension	Aortic leaflets with focal areas of echogenicity included few cases of aortic stenosis
Otto et al. [1]	CV Health Study	Cross‐section	Survey protocol	Self‐reported history of hypertension	Aortic leaflets with focal areas of echogenicity plus thickened leaflets with not restriction
Adler et al. [17]	None	Case/control	Not stated	>140/90 or antihypertensive drug use	Aortic leaflets with focal areas of echogenicity plus thickened leaflets with not restriction
Agmon et al. [16]	SPARC	Cross‐section	Office BP	antihypertensive drug use	Aortic leaflets with irregular thickening included a few cases of aortic stenosis

Table

Author/study name	Type	Age (year), AVS vs control	Sex (% men), AVS vs control	Setting	Sample size
Aronow et al. [11]	Case/control	NA	NA	Hospital	570
Pasierski et al. [12], SHEP	Case/control	69 vs 71	50 vs 49	SHEP substudy	117
Lindroos et al. [13], Helsinki	Cross‐section	75 vs 80	30 vs 28	Helsinki	540
Boon et al. [14]	Case/control	53 vs 74	35 vs 60	Hospital	862
Stewart et al. [4], CV Health	Cross‐section	72 vs 75	40 vs 52		5114
Otto et al. [1], CV Health	Cross‐section	72 vs 75	40 vs 49	Community, USA	5529
Adler et al. [17]	Case/control	72 vs 71	56 vs 55	Hospital	188
Agmon et al. [16], SPARC	Cross‐section	63 vs 76	61 vs 47	Community, USA	381

Figure 1 The odds ratio(OR) and confidence intervals (CI) for studies relating hypertension to aortic valve sclerosis (AVS). The precise definitions encompassing AVS are provided in Table I. The OR was calculated from the data provided for Aronow et al. [16]; Pasierski et al. [17], Otto et al. [1] and Adler et al. [20]. These were univariate (unadjusted) calculations. The OR was plotted from the value stated in the text after multivariate analysis adjusting for age and different variables for the other studies and are indicated by +. The sample sizes for each study are indicated.

Table II. Studies examining the relationship between blood pressure and aortic valve sclerosis (AVS).

Author	Study name	Type	Setting	Sample size	Method BP assessment	Definition of AVS
Pomerance et al. [18]	None	Case/control	Hospital, Wara, Japan	186	Hospital records	Autopsy: aortic valve calcium
Gotoh et al. [19]	JMS Study	Cross‐sectional		784	Automated BP machine	Echo: aortic valve thickening or calcification and mild restriction of mobility
Stewart et al. [4]	CV Health Study	Cross‐sectional	Communities, USA	5114	Survey protocol	Echo: Aortic valve‐ focal increase echogenicity included few cases of aortic stenosis
Agmon et al. [16]	SPARC	Cross‐sectional	Community, USA	381	Office BP	Echo: Aortic leaflets with irregular thickening included a few cases of aortic stenosis
Wong et al. [20]	None	Cross‐sectional	San Francisco, USA	2739	Not stated	CT scan for aortic valve calcification

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