Relationship between different subpopulations of circulating CD4+ T lymphocytes and microvascular or systemic oxidative stress in humans

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the population evaluated.

	Total population (n = 36)	Hypertensive patients (n = 12)	Normotensives subjects (n = 24)
Gender (males: M females: F)	21 M, 15 F	7 M, 5 F	14M, 10 F
Age (years)	52.4 ± 14.5	60.9 ± 8.83*	48.1 ± 15.0
Body mass index (Kg/m^2)	25.5 ± 3.27	26.2 ± 3.84	25.1 ± 2.92
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	127 ± 14.8	134 ± 17.0*	122 ± 10.9
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	76.4 ± 9.42	76.6 ± 9.96	76.3 ± 9.35
C reactive protein (mg/L)	4.90 ± 6.25	1.55 ± 1.12	7.13 ± 7.31
Serum glucose (mg/dl	93.3 ± 13.5	98.4 ± 15.3	90.7 ± 11.9
Serum creatinine (mg/dl)	0.86 ± 0.23	0.95 ± 0.23	0.81 ± 0.23
Creatinine clearance (ml/min) (MDRD formula)	88.9 ± 22.9	76.9 ± 16.5*	94.9 ± 23.6
Blood urinary nitrogen (mg/ml)	39.0 ± 13.8	41.6 ± 13.6	37.6 ± 14.0
Serum uric acid (mg/dl)	4.88 ± 1.62	5.54 ± 1.84	4.52 ± 1.42
Serum sodium (mEq/L)	142 ± 1.89	142 ± 1.53	141 ± 2.00
Serum potassium (mEq/L)	3.89 ± 0.46	3.93 ± 0.47	3.87 ± 0.47
Serum chloride (mEq/L)	105 ± 2.36	105 ± 2,31	105 ± 2.43
Serum triglycerides (mg/dl)	82.6 ± 33.2	93.2 ± 30.8	76.7 ± 33.9
Serum cholesterol (mg/dl)	179 ± 28.1	180 ± 34.2	179 ± 25.2

* P < 0.05 vs. Normotensives subjects

Figure 1. Left: direct correlation between Th1 lymphocytes (%) and reactive oxygen species in the subcutaneous tissue biopsies (ROS) (unit per area). Right: inverse correlation between total TREGs (absolute number) and reactive oxygen species in the subcutaneous tissue biopsies (ROS) (unit per area).

Figure 2. Left: inverse correlation between RTE TREGs (%) and reactive oxygen species in the subcutaneous tissue biopsies (ROS) (unit per area). Right: inverse correlation between RTE TREGs (absolute number) and reactive oxygen species in the subcutaneous tissue biopsies (ROS) (unit per area).

Figure 3. Left: inverse correlation between EM TREGs (absolute number) and reactive oxygen species in the subcutaneous tissue biopsies (ROS) (unit per area). Right: inverse correlation between small resistance arteries TREG (unmethylated FoxP3) and circulating C Reactive Protein.

Figure 4. Increased circulating levels of monocyte chemoattractant peptide-1 (MCP-1) (pg/ml) in hypertensive patients compared with normotensive subjects.

Table 2. Correlations observed with indices of oxidative stress

Correlated parameters	N	R	r^2	p value
ROS/internal diameter of retinal arterioles	15	−0.79	0.62	p < 0.001
ROS/external diameter of retinal arterioles	15	−0.74	0.55	p < 0.001
ICAM-1/W/L ratio of retinal arterioles	36	0.43	0.18	p < 0.01
TAO/total capillary density in the nailfold	36	−0.47	0.22	p < 0.01
PAI-1/Th1 IFN-γ + CD28 + (%)	36	0.54	0.29	p < 0.01
MCP-1/Th1 IFN-γ + CD28- (%)	36	0.79	0.62	p < 0.001
MDA/Th1 IFN-γ + CD28- (%)	36	0.46	0.21	p < 0.01
TNFα/Th1 IFN-γ + CD28 + (%)	36	0.54	0.29	p < 0.01
PAI-1/Th17 (abs number)	36	0.42	0.18	p = 0.01
TAO/circulating uric acid	36	0.70	0.49	p < 0.001
MDA/circulating uric acid	36	0.52	0.27	p = 0.001
CRP/creatinine clearance	36	−0.85	0.72	p < 0.001
PAI-1/creatinine clearance	36	−0.79	0.62	p < 0.001
TAO/creatinine clearance	36	−0.44	0.19	p < 0.01
PAI-1/waist circumference	36	0.64	0.41	p < 0.001
TAO/BMI	36	0.43	0.18	p < 0.01
VCAM-1/Systolic arterial pressure	36	0.50	0.25	p = 0.001