Association between antecedent blood pressure, hypertension-mediated organ damage and cardiovascular outcome

Figures & data

Table 1. Population characteristics including antecedent blood pressure and markers of hypertension-mediated organ damage.

Age	41 or 51	61 or 71
General characteristics
No	1188	722
Male sex (%)	602 (51)	365 (51)
No of smokers (%)	583 (49)	313 (43)
Body mass index, kg/m^2	25.2 ± 3.9	25.9 ± 3.8
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	5.9 ± 1.01	6.4 ± 3.6
Current blood pressure (1993)
Current SBP (mmHg)	121 ± 15	135 ± 18
Current DBP (mmHg)	80 ± 10	82 ± 10
No of subjects with hypertension (%)	231 (19)	324 (45)
Antecedent blood pressure (1983–1988)
Antecedent SBP	116 ± 11	127 ± 14
Antecedent DBP	75 ± 9	79 ± 8
No of subjects with hypertension (%)	70 (6)	144 (20)
Measurements of HMOD
LVMI, g/m^2	79 ± 19	86 ± 28
PWV, m/s	9.5 (8.5–10.6)	11.9 (10.4–14.3)
UACR, g/mg	0.20 (0.08–0.40)	0.27 (0.11–0.54)
Patients with carotid plaque (%)	125 (11)	308 (43)

DBP: diastolic blood pressure; LVMI: left ventricular mass index; PWV: pulse wave velocity; SBP: systolic blood pressure; UACR: urine albumin creatinine ratio.

Figure 1. “Progression of systolic blood pressure from 1982 to 1993 stratified for age group and presence of hypertension mediated organ damage”.

Table 2. Association of current and antecedent systolic blood pressure with markers of hypertension mediated organ damage.

	log PWV		log UACR		Presence of plaque (odds ratio)		LVMI
Age group	41 or 51	61 or 71	41 or 51	61 or 71	41 or 51	61 or 71	41 or 51	61 or 71
Univariable analysis
Antecedent SBP
Estimate	0.032	0.039	−0.061	0.040	1.47	1.25	4.74	4.35
Per 10 mmHg (95% CI)	(0.028–0.035)**	(0.034–0.044)**	(−0.091;−0.033)**	(0.009–0.071)*	(1.26–1.72)**	(1.12–1.40)**	(3.84–5.65)**	(3.15–5.54)**
R²	0.21	0.24	0.01	0.008	0.03	0.02	0.08	0.07
Current SBP
Estimate	0.024	0.027	0.034	0.049	1.33	1.21	3.30	3.58
Per 10 mmHg (95% CI)	(0.022–0.027)**	(0.023–0.032)**	(−0.017–0.024) ns	(0.025–0.073)**	(1.20–1.48)**	(1.12–1.32)**	(2.66–3.94)**	(2.66–4.50)**
R²	0.24	0.20		0.02	0.03	0.02	0.07	0.07
Model 1
Antecedent SBP
Estimate	0.016	0.028	−0.113	−0.007	1.21	1.10	3.07	2.26
Per 10 mmHg (95% CI)	(0.012–0.021)**	(0.021–0.035)**	(−0.152; −0.075)**	(−0.050–0.0360) ns	(0.99–1.49)ns	(0.95–1.28)ns	(1.86–4.28)**	(0.59–3.93)*
Current SBP
Estimate	0.016	0.012	0.056	0.052	1.23	1.15	1.81	2.32
Per 10 mmHg (95% CI)	(0.013–0.020)**	(0.007–0.018)**	(0.028–0.084)**	(0.019–0.086)*	(1.07–1.42)*	(1.03–1.30)*	(0.94–2.69)**	(1.01–3.64)*
R²	0.28	0.26	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.02	0.09	0.08
Model 2
Antecedent SBP
Estimate	0.011	0.027	−0.064	−0.004	1.18	1.12	0.31	2.13
Per 10 mmHg (95% CI)	(0.006–0.016)**	(0.020–0.034)**	(−0.105;−0.023)*	(−0.046–0.039)ns	(0.94–1.48)ns	(0.96–1.31)ns	(−0.89–1.51)ns	(0.55–3.71)*
Current SBP
Estimate	0.018	0.011	0.047	0.061	1.27	1.19	2.57	1.97
per 10 mmHg (95% CI)	(0.014–0.021)**	(0.005–0.016)**	(0.019–0.075)*	(0.027–0.095)**	(1.10–1.47)*	(1.05–1.35)*	(1.75–3.40)**	(0.72–3.23)*
R²	0.30	0.28	0.06	0.04	0.09	0.06	0.21	0.18

Model 1 with both current and antecedent SBP, unadjusted. Model 2 with both current and antecedent SBP, adjusted for sex, smoking status and total cholesterol.

^* p ≤ 0.05.

^** p < 0.001.

ns p > 0.05.

Table 3. Association of current and antecedent systolic blood pressure with incident cardiovascular disease.

	Hazard ratios (95% CI)
Age	41 or 51	61 or 71
Model 1
Current SBP	1.19 (1.09–1.29)**	1.24 (1.16–1.33)**
Antecedent SBP	1.34 (1.18–1.53)**	1.23 (1.13–1.34)**
Presence of HMOD	2.40 (1.77–3.25)**	2.46 (1.73–3.48)**
Model 2
Current SBP	1.09 (0.96–1.22)ns	1.21 (1.10–1.34)**
Antecedent SBP	1.24 (1.04–1.48)*	1.04 (0.92–1.18) ns
Model 3
Current SBP	1.02 (0.90–1.15)ns	1.17 (1.05–1.29)*
Antecedent SBP	1.22 (1.02–1.45)*	1.03 (0.91–1.16)ns
Presence of HMOD	2.11 (1.53–2.91)**	1.96 (1.36–2.82)**

HRs for SBP are per 10 mmHg increment. Model 1 is adjusted for sex, smoking status and total cholesterol. Model 2 is with current and antecedent SBP in the same model adjusted for sex, smoking status and total cholesterol. Model 3 is with current SBP, antecedent SBP and presence of hypertension mediated organ damage in the same model adjusted for sex, smoking status, total cholesterol.

ns: p > 0.05.

^* p ≤ 0.05.

^** p < 0.001.

Table 4. Impact of traditional risk factors and presence of hypertension-mediated organ damage on the prognostic value of antecedent systolic blood pressure.