Changes of augmentation index early after ischaemic stroke predict functional outcome

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the study population.

Parameter	Value
Age, years	62.2 ± 12.1
Male sex, n	34 (68%)
Admission NIHSS score	5 (3–7)
rtPA use, n (%)	20 (40%)
Previous stroke, n (%)	5 (10%)
Previous hypertension, n (%)	29 (58%)
BMI, kg/m^2	28.5 ± 4.4
Pre-hospital medications, n (%)
Hypoglycaemic	12 (24%)
Lipid-lowering	14 (28%)
Hypotensive	26 (52%)
Stroke subtype (OCSP), n (%)
PACS	25 (50%)
TACS	3 (6%)
LACS	8 (16%)
POCS	14 (28%)
Stroke cause (TOAST), n (%)
Small vessel	11 (22%)
Large vessel	7 (14%)
Cardioembolic	4 (8%)
Other determined	4 (8%)
Unknown	24 (48%)

Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range) or number (percentage), as appropriate.

BMI: body mass index; LACS: lacunar syndrome; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; OCSP: the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project; PACS: partial anterior circulation syndrome; POCS: posterior circulation syndrome; rtPA: recombinant tissue plasminogen activator; TACS: total anterior circulation syndrome; TOAST: Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke treatment.

Table 2. Values of blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, and augmentation index normalised for heart rate on day 1, on day 6, and >90 days after stroke onset.

Assessment time	SBP, mm Hg	DBP, mm Hg	MBP, mm Hg	PP, mm Hg	PWV, m/s	AIxHR, mm Hg
Day 1	143 ± 22	83 ± 15	103 ± 16	60 ± 13	10.4 ± 3.4	25.7 ± 13.0
Day 6	139 ± 24	82 ± 14	101 ± 16	57 ± 16	10.2 ± 3.3	26.0 ± 10.9
Day >90	132 ± 15	77 ± 9	95 ± 10	56 ± 13	9.2 ± 3.3	27.3 ± 13.4

AIxHR: augmentation index normalised for heart rate of 75 bpm; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; MBP: mean blood pressure; PP: pulse pressure; PWV: pulse wave velocity; SBP: systolic blood pressure.

Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

Figure 1. Changes of aortic augmentation index normalised for heart rate of 75 bpm in stroke patients with and without late favourable outcome. AIxHR: augmentation index normalised for heart rate of 75 bpm. Numbers following the parameter represent the day of its assessment. Vertical bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Indicated p values are derived from Tukey’s post hoc test.

Figure 2. Changes of aortic augmentation index normalised for heart rate of 75 bpm in stroke patients with and without early poor outcome. AIxHR: augmentation index normalised for heart rate of 75 bpm. Numbers following the parameter represent the day of its assessment. Vertical bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Indicated p values are derived from Tukey’s post hoc test.

Figure 3. Changes of aortic augmentation index normalised for heart rate of 75 bpm in stroke patients with and without early favourable outcome (C). AIxHR: augmentation index normalised for heart rate of 75 bpm. Numbers following the parameter represent the day of its assessment. Vertical bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Indicated p values are derived from Tukey’s post hoc test.