Smoking and overweight associated with masked uncontrolled hypertension: a Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) Sub-Study

Figures & data

Figure 1. Design of the HOT study with the design of the sub-study on home BP measurements embedded.

Figure 2. Distribution of the home BP sub-study population in categories depending on control of home BP <135/85 mmHg and office BP <140 mmHg. WUCH: white coat uncontrolled hypertension; MUCH: masked uncontrolled hypertension; CONTROLLED: controlled home and office BP; UNCONTROLLED: uncontrolled office and home BP.

Table 1. Distribution of HOT sub-study participants (n = 915) according to their home and office BPs during treatment.

Variables	CONTROLLED BP Normal home and office BP (n = 280)	WUCH Normal home and high office BP (n = 103)	MUCH High home and normal office BP (n = 232)	UNCONTROLLED BP High home and office BP (n = 300)
Home systolic BP, mmHg	124 (7)	127 (6)	143 (10)	148 (11)
Home diastolic BP, mmHg	77 (5)	77 (5)	86 (7)	87 (7)
Home heart rate, beats/min	74 (19)	76 (11)	76 (10)	75 (11)
Office systolic BP, mmHg	126 (9)	148 (9)	129 (8)	152 (11)
Office diastolic BP, mmHg	79 (6)	88 (7)	79 (6)	87 (8)
Office heart rate, beats/min	75 (12)	79 (13)	77 (11)	77 (13)

Data are shown as Mean (SD).

BP: blood pressure; WUCH: white coat uncontrolled hypertension; MUCH: masked uncontrolled hypertension.

Table 2. Baseline characteristics of participants in the HOT home BP sub-study (n = 915).

Variables	CONTROLLED BP Normal home and office BP (n = 280)	WUCH Normal home and high office BP (n = 103)	MUCH High home and normal office BP (n = 232)	UNCONTROLLED BP High home and office BP (n = 300)
Age, years	59.8 (6.6)	62.1 (7.6)	61.1 (7.3)	62.1 (7.4)
Females, %	48.9	52.4	56.5	57.7
Female BMI, kg/m^2	29.7 (3.3)	27.3* (2.4)	29.7* (4.0)	29.7 (3.2)
Male BMI, kg/m^2	29.1 (2.3)	28.4 (3.7)	30.1* (1.2)	29.7 (2.8)
Baseline office systolic BP, mmHg	163 (12)	169 (15)	168 (15)	175 (15)
Baseline office diastolic BP, mmHg	105 (4)	105 (4)	105 (4)	106 (4)
Baseline office heart rate, beats/min	81 (12)	81 (13)	79 (11)*	80 (13)
Previously treated for hypertension, %	66.1	69.9	65.5	65.7
Diabetes, %	4.6	8.7	6.0	10.7
Smoking, %	10.7	11.7	18.5*	12.3
Serum creatinine, µmol/L	94 (24)	91 (20)	96 (22)	95 (23)
Serum cholesterol, mmol/L	6.0 (1.1)	6.1 (1.3)	5.8 (1.0)	5.9 (1.2)

Data are shown as % or Mean (SD).

BP: blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; WUCH: white coat uncontrolled hypertension; MUCH: masked uncontrolled hypertension.

*Baseline BMI, heart rate and smoking status significantly different in logistic multivariate models.

Figure 3. Fractions of smokers in the various HOT study home BP sub-study categories when using ≥135/85 mmHg and ≥140/90 mmHg as cut-offs for elevated home BP, respectively. CONTROLLED: controlled home and office BP; WUCH: white coat uncontrolled hypertension; MUCH: masked uncontrolled hypertension; UNCONTROLLED: uncontrolled office and home BP.