Relationship between morning peak phenomenon and early renal injury NGAL in H-type hypertension

Figures & data

Table 1. Comparison of general information and biochemical indices between two groups.

Index	MBPS group (n = 109)	Non-MBPS group (n = 115)	t/χ^2	P
Gender (Men/Female)	50/59	64/51	2.142	0.143
Age	64.69 ± 7.87	62.90 ± 8.48	1.630	0.105
Duration of hypertension (Yaer)	10.01 ± 8.82	10.13 ± 8.74	−0.103	0.918
BMI (kg /m^2, )	23.88 ± 3.54	23.91 ± 3.44	−0.058	0.954
Diabetes (n, %)	38 (35%)	48 (42%)	1.119	0.29
Smoked (n, %)	38 (35%)	50 (43%)	1.742	0.187
Drank alcohol (n, %)	21 (18%)	30 (26%)	1.481	0.224
FBG (mmol/L)	6.87 ± 2.74	6.25 ± 2.10	1.901	0.059
HCY/(umol/L)	15.12 ± 4.38	16.41 ± 7.95	−1.505	0.134
TG (mmol/L)	1.89 ± 1.49	2.04 ± 1.42	−0.774	0.440
TC (mmol/L)	4.18 ± 1.24	4.31 ± 1.09	−0.833	0.406
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.18 ± 1.35	1.11 ± 0.29	0.535	0.593
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.32 ± 0.87	2.46 ± 0.81	−1.288	0.199
Cr (umol/L)	75.55 ± 15.43	75.63 ± 17.19	−0.038	0.970
UA (mmol/L)	313.95 ± 63.51	313.87 ± 64.51	0.009	0.993
BUN (mmol/L)	5.62 ± 1.21	5.52 ± 1.25	0.009	0.993
β2-MG (mmol/L)	3.56 ± 1.32	2.30 ± 0.75	8.706	0.000
CysC (mmol/L)	1.87 ± 0.85	1.37 ± 0.49	5.36	0.000
NGAL (mmol/L)	236.25 ± 52.23	161.41 ± 41.99	11.78	0.000

BMI: body Mass Index; FBG: fasting blood glucose; HCY: homocysteine; TG: triglyceride; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein; Cr: creatinine; UA: uric acid; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; β₂-MG: β₂--microglobulin; CysC: cystatin C; NGAL: neutrophilgelatinase associated lipocalin; MBPS：morning blood pressure surge; Non-MBPS: Non-morning blood pressure surge.

Table 2. Comparison of blood pressure and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring results between the two groups in the clinic office (mmHg, $\overline{x}\pm s$).

Monitoring index	MBPS group (n = 109)	Non-MBPS group (n = 115)	t	P
Clinic office of systolic blood pressure	145.85 ± 19.10	146.04 ± 19.38	−0.074	0.941
Clinic office of diastolic blood pressure	84.69 ± 11.26	86.48 ± 11.59	−1.172	0.243
MBPS of systolic blood pressure	34.31 ± 7.39	24.80 ± 8.86	8.708	0.000
MBPS of diastolic blood pressure	15.31 ± 2.32	14.77 ± 2.98	1.528	0.128
The average of systolic blood pressure in the 24hrs	154.99 ± 10.69	147.35 ± 12.33	4.947	0.000
The average of systolic blood pressure in the daytime	159.75 ± 12.26	150.48 ± 14.13	5.235	0.000
The average of systolic blood pressure in the night-time	149.31 ± 11.22	141.48 ± 13.84	4.637	0.000
The average of diastolic blood pressure in the 24hrs	88.89 ± 13.36	87.83 ± 12.71	0.611	0.542
The average of diastolic blood pressure in the daytime	90.94 ± 13.66	88.49 ± 13.18	1.370	0.172
The average of diastolic blood pressure in the night-time	86.79 ± 14.01	86.30 ± 14.14	0.262	0.793

MBPS: morning blood pressure surge; Non-MBPS: Non-morning blood pressure surge.

Table 3. Correlation analysis of NGAL between two groups.

Index	P	R
Age	0.043	0.135
BMI	0.626	−0.033
HCY	0.000	0.345
FBG	0.000	0.334
TC	0.000	0.263
TG	0.74	−0.022
HDL-C	0.079	−0.118
LDL-C	0.000	0.266
BUN	0.732	0.023
Cr	0.022	0.153
UA	0.839	−0.014
β2-MG	0.000	0.759
CysC	0.000	0.581
MBPS of diastolic blood pressure	0.162	0.094
MBPS of systolic blood pressure	0.000	0.516
Duration of hypertension	0.000	0.333
The average of systolic blood pressure in the 24hrs	0.000	0.294
The average of diastolic blood pressure in the 24hrs	0.286	0.072

BMI: body Mass Index; HCY: homocysteine; FBG:fasting blood glucose; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; Cr: creatinine; UA: uric acid; β₂-MG: β₂--microglobulin; CysC: cystatin C; MBPS: morning blood pressure surge.

Table 4. The multiple linear stepwise regression correlation factor analysis of NGAL.

	B	Standard error	Standardized coefficient (β)	Significant	VIF
Constants	23.56	9.458		0.013
FBG	3.991	1.018	0.162	0.000	1.212
β2-MG	25.416	3.153	0.522	0.000	2.974
CysC	14.153	5.034	0.172	0.005	2.665
MBPS of systolic blood pressure	1.740	0.292	0.273	0.000	1.486
	R^2		0.69
	F Value		122.58
	P Value		0.000
	Durbin-Watson		1.57

FBG: fasting blood glucose; β₂-MG: β₂--microglobulin; CysC: cystatin C.

Data availability statement

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.