Neighbourhood deprivation in childhood and adulthood and risk of arterial stiffness: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of the participants at baseline in 1980 and in follow-up in 2007.

Number of participants	1761
Age in 1980, years, mean (SD)	11.2 (4.5)
Sex
Women, N (%)	971 (55.1)
Men, N (%)	790 (44.9)
Place of birth
Eastern Finland, N (%)	845 (48.0)
Western Finland, N (%)	916 (52.0)
Cardiovascular risk factors in 1980
BMI, mean (SD)	17.9 (3.2)
Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD)	113 (11)
LDL cholesterol, mean (SD)	3.4 (0.8)
HDL cholesterol, mean (SD)	1.6 (0.3)
Triglycerides, mean (SD)	0.7 (0.3)
Daily smoking (%)	11.9%
Cardiovascular risk factors in 2007
BMI, mean (SD)	26.0 (4.8)
Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD)	120 (14)
LDL cholesterol, mean (SD)	3.1 (0.8)
HDL cholesterol, mean (SD)	1.3 (0.3)
Triglycerides, mean (SD)	1.4 (0.9)
Glucose, mean (SD)	5.3 (0.8)
Daily smoking, (%)	19.4%

Table 2. SES and pulse wave velocity.

		Mean difference (95 % CI)
Socioeconomic indicator	n = 1759-1761, (%)	Separately*	In the same model^†
Parental SES
>0.5 SD (high)	313 (17.8)	0.00 (reference)	0.00 (reference)
≥0 to 0.5 SD	499 (28.4)	0.33 (0.08-0.58)	0.22 (-0.03-0.47)
−0,5 to < 0 SD	580 (33.0)	0.30 (0.06-0.55)	0.14 (-0.11-0.40)
<−0.5 SD (low)	368 (20.9)	0.45 (0.18-0.72)	0.22 (-0.07-0.51)
Test for trend		Ptrend = 0.004	Ptrend = 0.418
Adulthood individual SES
>0.5 SD (high)	304 (17.3)	0.00 (reference)	0.00 (reference)
≥0 to 0.5 SD	489 (27.8)	0.25 (-0.00-0.50)	0.19 (-0.07-0.45)
−0,5 to < 0 SD	672 (38.2)	0.44 (0.20-0.68)	0.34 (0.08-0.59)
<−0.5 SD (low)	294 (16.7)	0.68 (0.40-0.97)	0.54 (0.23-0.84)
Test for trend		Ptrend < 0.0001	Ptrend = 0.0001
Neighbourhood deprivation^‡
<−0.5 SD (low)	318 (18.1)	0.00 (reference)	0.00 (reference)
<0.0 to −0.5 SD	750 (42.6)	0.42 (0.19-0.65)	0.36 (0.13-0.59)
0.0. to 0.5 SD	489 (27.8)	0.45 (0.20-0.69)	0.31 (0.06-0.57)
>0.5 SD (high)	204 (11.6)	0.57 (0.26-0.88)	0.37 (0.05-0.70)
Test for trend		Ptrend = 0.0004	Ptrend = 0.048

*Adjusted for age, sex and place of birth (Eastern or Western Finland).

^†Adjusted for age, sex, place of birth (Eastern or Western Finland) and adulthood individual SES + neighbourhood deprivation (parental SES), or parental SES + neighbourhood deprivation (adulthood individual SES) or parental + adulthood individual SES (neighbourhood deprivation).

^‡Lifetime cumulative neighbourhood deprivation.