Resource utilization in mental illness – evaluation of an instrument for measuring direct costs of treatment for patients with severe mental illness (SMI)

Figures & data

Table 1. Patient characteristics of patients included in the project (n = 107^a).

Variables		Patients
Age (years)	Mean	45.9
	Range	21–82
Participants, males	% (n)	49 (52)
Education college or higher	% (n)	27 (29)
EQ5D^b
General health (VAS)	M (SD)	60.6 (20.1)
Index	M (SD)	0.73 (0.221)
Main psychiatric diagnosis^c
Schizophrenia	% (n)	48 (51)
Schizoaffective disorder	% (n)	17 (18)
Delusion disorder	% (n)	13 (14)
Psychosis UNS	% (n)	8 (8)
Bipolar disorder	% (n)	5 (5)
Other	% (n)	9 (10)
GAF^d >50	% (n)	41(41)
CGI^e >3 (moderate or worse)	% (n)	62 (63)

^a Sporadic missing values might occur.

^b EuroQol.

^c According to DSM-IV.

^d Global Assessment of Function.

^e Clinical Global Impression Scale.

Table 2. The average costs 2021 six months prior to data collection for treatment and care of psychotic patients in Sweden; all cost are given in Euro (€); patient characteristics of patients included in the project (n = 107^a).

National level	Median	M	SD	Minimum	Maximum
Social services	1.907	2.948	4.323	103	41.064
Healthcare, psychiatric and physical treatment, incl. pharm. drugs	89	5.349	16.122	0	63.718
Pharmaceutical drugs only	478	894	1.161	0	4.538
Justice system	0	51	327	0	3.253
Total	2.599	8.349	17.923	103	97.488

Md: median; M: mean; SD: standard deviation.

^a Sporadic missing values might occur.

Table 3. Relationships between patient characteristics and cost per year, 2021.

	Physical and psychiatric treatment, sum of costs per year incl. medicines, baseline	Social services, sum of costs per year, baseline	Justice system, sum of costs per year, baseline	Total costs, per year, baseline	Sum of costs for all medicines, baseline, in SEK
Kendall's tau_b
Age, baseline
Correlation coefficient	–0.067	–0.088	–0.016	–0.120	0.037
Sig. (two-tailed)	0.309	0.208	0.840	0.070	0.569
n	108	109	111	107	112
Global health baseline
Correlation coefficient	0.098	–0.045	0.095	0.064	0.063
Sig. (two-tailed)	0.180	0.565	0.277	0.385	0.386
n	107	108	110	106	111
EQ5D, index, baseline
Correlation coefficient	–0.075	–0.076	–0.050	–0.098	–0.120
Sig. (two-tailed)	0.277	0.297	0.542	0.156	0.078
n	106	107	109	105	110
Higher education, college or higher, baseline
Correlation coefficient	–0.048	–0.207*	–0.142	–0.135	0.059
Sig. (two-tailed)	0.544	0.014	0.136	0.091	0.456
n	108	109	111	107	112
GAF, minimum of symptom and function, baseline
Correlation coefficient	–0.034	–0.258**	0.097	–0.108	–0.036
Sig. (two-tailed)	0.624	0.001	0.243	0.121	0.601
n	101	101	103	100	104
Clinical Global Impressions (CGIs), baseline
Correlation coefficient	0.161*	0.245**	0.017	0.198**	0.093
Sig. (two-tailed)	0.027	0.002	0.849	0.007	0.203
n	102	103	105	101	105
Body mass index (BMI), baseline
Correlation coefficient	0.155*	0.026	–0.189*	0.063	0.154*
Sig. (two-tailed)	0.019	0.716	0.018	0.340	0.019
n	105	105	107	104	108

* Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two-tailed).

** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).