The Swedish version of the Motivation and Pleasure Scale self-report (MAP-SR): psychometric properties in patients with schizophrenia or depression

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the sample.

	Schizophrenia spectrum disorder (n = 33)		Depressive disorder (n = 52)		Chi-2
	N	%	N	%
Females/males	12/21	36/64	28/24	54/46	2.48
Primary diagnosis schizophrenia	22	67	n.a.	n.a.
Primary diagnosis schizoaffective	11	33	n.a.	n.a.
Primary diagnosis unipolar depression	n.a.	n.a.	47	90
Primary diagnosis bipolar (I/II/unspecified)	n.a.	n.a.	5	10
Comorbidity
ADHD	0	0	10	19	7.19**
Autism	0	0	5	10	3.37
Anxiety disorders	4	12	21	40	7.77**
Graduated from high school	28	85	42	81	0.23
Working/studying at least half-time past six months	6	18	32	62	15.4***
Medication
Antipsychotics	33	100	11	21	50.3***
Clozapine	12	36	0	0	22.0***
Antidepressants
SSRI	7	21	13	25	0.16
SNRI	1	3	16	31	9.7**
Other^a	3	9	21	40	9.8**
Mood stabilizer^b	11	33	13	25	0.7
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	t/U
Olanzapine equivalents (mg/day)^c	14.2	10.0	0.9	2.0	9.4***
Age	40.0	11.0	29.5	9.3	4.7***
BMI	30.3	8.8	26.3	6.6	2.4*
MAP-SR total	31.4	12.8	17.8	8.2	314***
CAINS total	22.2	9.0	29.1	7.6	−3.8***
Motivation and pleasure subscale	15.6	7.3	21.5	5.8	−4.1***
Expression subscale	6.6	3.1	7.7	3.9	−1.3
BPRS total score	41.3	9.6	49.8	7.3	394***
Negative subscale^d	8.0	2.8	9.2	3.1
Positive subscale^e	6.0	4.1	3.5	1.5	536***
Affective subscale^f	9.0	2.8	17.4	4.4	−8.9***
CGI score	3.9	1.0	4.9	0.8	−4.9***
MADRS-S total	14.9	7.7	30.0	7.7	−8.8***
MADRS-S anhedonia^g	4.2	3.1	7.4	2.4	−5.3***
EQ-5D	64.0	21.1	34.3	15.6	7.4***
SDS	20.1^‡‡	20.2	17.6	7.5	643
ESRS	1.4	2.1	0.6	1.3	704
Animal Naming Test	21.9	6.2	23.9	6.2	−1.4
Digit Symbol Substitution	36.9	15.3	50.0	18.3	−3.4***

Note: SD = Standard Deviation, BMI = Body Mass Index, MAP-SR = Motivation and Pleasure Scale-Self Report, CAINS = Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms, BPRS = Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, CGI = Clinical Global Impression, MADRS-S = Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale self-rating, EQ-5D = EuroQol Group Visual Analogue Scale, SDS = Sheehan Disability Scale, ESRS = Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale, ADHD = Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder, SSRI = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, SNRI = serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors.

^a Including mirtazapine, vortioxetine, bupropion, agomelatine or tricyclic antidepressants.

^b Of which lithium 10/85. Mood stabilizers includes lithium, lamotrigine or valproic acid.

^c Ref. [36].

^d Negative symptoms subscale comprises items Blunted affect, Emotional withdrawal and Motor retardation.

^e Positive symptoms subscale comprises items Suspiciousness, Hallucinations and Unusual thought content.

^g Sum of items Lassitude and Inability to feel.

^‡‡ n = 31.

* p<.05.

** p<.01.

*** p<.001.

Table 2. Internal consistency for the MAP-SR.

	Schizophrenia spectrum disorder (n = 33)				Depressive disorder (n = 52)
	Mean (SD)	α	α If item dropped	Item-rest corr.	Mean (SD)	α	α If item dropped	Item-rest corr.
Full scale	31.4 (12.8)	.93			17.8 (8.20)	.82
Item 1	2.58		.92	.60	1.54		.80	.61
Item 2	2.09		.92	.72	1.19		.80	.66
Item 3	2.30		.92	.77	1.29		.80	.67
Item 4	2.33		.92	.77	1.42		.80	.63
Item 5	2.12		.92	.89	1.06		.81	.42
Item 6	2.30		.92	.89	1.33		.80	.55
Item 7	2.67		.94	.11	1.90		.83	.20
Item 8	1.24		.94	.26	1.25		.83	.20
Item 9	2.12		.93	.60	1.39		.81	.39
Item 10	2.06		.92	.81	0.71		.80	.64
Item 11	2.09		.92	.73	1.37		.81	.49
Item 12	1.76		.92	.70	0.56		.81	.44
Item 13	1.58		.92	.67	1.08		.83	.21
Item 14	2.18		.92	.73	0.65		.81	.42
Item 15	1.94		.92	.73	1.10		.81	.46

Note: MAP-SR = Motivation and Pleasure Scale – Self Report, SD = Standard Deviation.

Table 3. Correlations between the MAP-SR and various symptom domains.

	MAP-SR
	Schizophrenia spectrum disorder (n = 33)	Depressive disorder (n = 52)	Test of difference (Z)
CAINS
Total	−0.73***	−0.37**	2.33*
MAP	−0.75***	−0.48***	1.95
EXP	−0.34	−0.004	1.51
BPRS
Positive^a	.12	−0.03	0.65
Negative^b	−0.33	−0.07	1.18
Affective^c	−0.13	−0.07	0.87
MADRS-S	−0.70***	−0.53***	1.2
MADRS-S anhedonia^d	−0.89***	−0.55**	3.47***
CGI	−0.52**	−0.47***	0.29
EQ-5D	.73***	.32*	2.58**
ESRS	−0.01	−0.19	0.79

Note. MAP-SR = Motivation and Pleasure Scale – Self Report, CAINS = Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms, MAP = motivation and pleasure subscale, EXP = expression subscale, BPRS = Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, MADRS-S = Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale self-rating, CGI = Clinical Global Impression, ESRS = Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale.

^a Positive symptoms subscale comprises items Suspiciousness, Hallucinations and Unusual thought content.

^b Negative symptoms subscale comprises items Blunted affect, Emotional withdrawal and Motor retardation.

^c Affective symptoms subscale comprises items Anxiety, Depression, Suicidality and Guilt.

^d Sum of items Lassitude and Inability to feel.

* p<.05.

** p<.01.

*** p<.001.

Table 4. Correlations between the MAP-SR and non-symptom domains.

	MAP-SR
	Schizophrenia spectrum disorder (n = 33)	Depressive disorder (n = 52)	Test of difference (Z)
SDS	−0.04^‡	.07	0.46
Animal Naming Test	.13	.04	0.74
Digit Symbol Substitution	−0.06	−0.04	0.09

Note: SDS = Sheehan Disability Scale.

^‡ n = 31.

* p < .05.

Gardner DM, Murphy AL, O’Donnell H, et al. International consensus study of antipsychotic dosing. AJP. 2010;167(6):686–693. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09060802.

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Data availability statement

Due to the nature of this research, participants of this study did not agree for their data to be shared publicly, so supporting data is not available.