Rap & Sing Music Therapy and sleep in adolescents: A single-blind cluster randomized controlled trial

Figures & data

Figure 1. Study flowchart.

Table 1. Descriptives and univariate statistics of sleep parameters for Rap&SingMT and control groups.

	Rap & SingMT				Controls
	Baseline		Post-testing		Baseline		Post-testing		Group × Time contrast
Sleep variables	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	F	df	p	ES
Sleep time	491.68	40.21	479.47	35.84	497.50	24.68	468.11	35.98	4.15	1	<.05	.05
Sleep efficiency	85.19	5.16	86.12	3.87	86.78	2.90	87.50	2.70	0.03	1	.86	.000
Sleep episodes	15.52	3.03	15.87	3.23	16.63	3.27	16.78	3.19	0.10	1	.75	.001
Snooze time	10.12	7.00	9.04	6.14	9.20	6.28	5.49	3.65	1.88	1	.18	.03
Onset latency	6.34	4.82	7.00	11.39	5.37	5.04	5.08	4.98	0.14	1	.71	.002
Wake percentage	11.41	3.01	11.36	2.97	10.92	2.50	10.70	2.71	0.12	1	.73	.002

Sleep measures in minutes except sleep efficiency and wake percentage (%).

ES: effect size (partial eta squared).

Figure 2. Graphic presentation of the scores on Actigraphy variable sleep time, at baseline (1) and after a period of 4 months (2).