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Prometheus
Critical Studies in Innovation
Volume 23, 2005 - Issue 3
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Original Articles

Should the Knowledge‐based Economy be a Savant or a Sage? Wisdom and Socially Intelligent Innovation

Pages 307-323 | Published online: 24 Jun 2006
 

Abstract

Discourse about knowledge‐based economies rarely moves beyond the commercialization of science and engineering, and is locked in the discursive limits of functionalism. We argue that these discourses limit the scope of what knowledge‐based economies might achieve because they are uninformed by an adequate conception of knowledge. In particular, knowledge management and knowledge‐based economy discourse has not included the axiological dimension of knowledge that leads to wisdom. Taking an axiological perspective, we can discuss policy frameworks aimed at producing the social structures needed to bring fully formed and fully functioning knowledge societies into being. We argue that while the dominant discourse of industrial modernity remains rationalist, functionalist, utilitarian and technocratic, knowledge‐based economies will resemble a savant rather than a sage. A wisdom‐based renaissance of humanistic epistemology is needed to avoid increasing social dysfunction and a lack of wisdom in complex technological societies.

Notes

1. D. Rooney, G. Hearn, T. Mandeville and R. Joseph, Public Policy in Knowledge‐Based Economies: Foundations and Frameworks, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2003.

2. P. Graham and D. Rooney, ‘A sociolinguistic approach to applied epistemology: examining technocratic values in global “knowledge” policy’, Social Epistemology, 15, 3, 2001, pp. 155–69.

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4. Vico in R. C. Miner, ‘Verum‐factum and practical wisdom in the early writings of Giambattista Vico’, Journal of the History of Ideas, 59, 1, 1998, pp. 53–73.

5. Graham and Rooney, op. cit.; and D. Rooney and B. McKenna, ‘Wise management: an evaluation of historical discourse on wisdom and ethical action’, forthcoming.

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11. Ibid., p. 92.

12. Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, The Peripatetic Press, Grinnell, IO, 1984, Bk 6, 1:1103a, 4–6.

13. Medieval Catholicism increasingly moved away from the Thomistic–Aristotelian tradition towards a more dogmatic spirituality (cf. Aquinas' emphasis on a spiritually informed conscience) and affirming the centrality of sacramental redemption.

14. S. Toulmin, The Return to Cosmology, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1982.

15. Rooney and McKenna, op. cit.

16. See Apostle's (Trans.) note on Aristotle's Posterior Analytics in, Aristotle, op. cit.

17. Aristotle, op. cit., Bk 6, 7: 1141a, 16.

18. Ibid., Bk 6, 1142b: 9, 25–8.

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26. Ibid., p. 13.

27. We must emphasise that we do not adopt Rorty's advocacy of inquiry that simply furthers the solidarity of one's community, ‘to reduce objectivity to solidarity’ (Ibid., p. 22).

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42. McKenna and Graham, op. cit.

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56. Ibid., p. 16.

57. Ibid., p. 18.

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59. Maton, op. cit.

60. Combs, op. cit., pp. 237–9.

61. L. Code, Epistemic Responsibility, Brown University Press, Hanover, 1987; and S. P. Stafford, ‘Epistemology for sale’, Social Epistemology, 15, 3, 2001, pp. 215–30.

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63. Combs, op. cit.; and R.. E. Ornstein, The Psychology of Consciousness, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1977.

64. J. Van Loon, Risk and Technological Culture: Towards a Sociology of Virulence, Routledge, London, 2002, p. 5.

65. Miner, op. cit., p. 57.

66. Ibid., p. 56.

67. Ibid.

68. Ibid.

69. Benedict, op. cit., p. 27.

70. Graham and Rooney, op. cit.

71. Van Loon, op. cit., p. 41.

72. M. N. Zald, ‘More fragmentation? Unfinished business in linking the social sciences and humanities’, Administrative Science Quarterly, 41, 2, 1996, pp. 251–61.

73. Code, op. cit.; Stafford, op. cit.

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75. Combs, op. cit., p. 14.

76. See for example C. Calhoun, ‘Introduction’, in C. E. Calhoun (ed.), Habermas and the Public Sphere, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1992.

77. J. Habermas, The Theory of Communicative Action. Vol. 1. Reason and the Rationalization of Society, Heinemann, London, 1984; and J. Habermas, The Theory of Communicative Action. Vol. 2. Lifeworld and System: A Critique of Functionalist Reason, Heinemann, London, 1987.

78. Hughes, op. cit., p. 87.

79. Connell, op. cit. See also T. A. J. Spragens, ‘Is the enlightenment project worth saving?’, Modern Age, 43, 1, 2001, pp. 49–60.

80. Aristotle, op. cit., Bk 6,7: 1141a, 16.

81. Rooney et al., op. cit.

82. Graham and Rooney, op. cit.

83. D. Rooney, ‘Knowledge, economy, technology and society: the politics of discourse’, Telematics and Informatics, 22, 4, 2005, pp. 405–22.

84. Rooney et al., op. cit.

85. Stafford, op. cit.

86. Code, op. cit.

87. Stafford, op. cit.

88. S. Baron‐Cohen, Mindblindness, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1995.

89. von Krogh et al., op. cit.

90. Stafford, op. cit.

91. Rooney and Mandeville, op. cit.

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