Institutional design matters: institutional causes of the Brazilian wine industry’s poor performance

Figures & data

Table 1. Brazil – table wine import/export.

Year	Imports amount^a	Exports amount^a	Imports–exports amount^a	Imports value^b	Exports value^b	Import–exports value^b
1990	8	3.4	4.6	15.3	3.6	11.7
1991	8	4.3	3.7	14.1	4.2	9.9
1992	6	7.4	–1.4	10.2	7.5	2.7
1993	12	20.2	–8.2	18.8	14.8	4
1994	21.4	14.8	6.6	35	12.7	22.3
1995	28.1	14.6	13.5	50.7	12.6	38.1
1996	22.6	14.4	8.2	39.1	14.9	24.2
1997	24	15.3	8.7	48.2	15.8	32.4
1998	22.7	7.7	15	54.4	5.5	48.9
1999	26.4	6.7	19.7	62.3	4	58.3
2000	29.3	6.3	23	65.3	3.4	61.9
2001	28	2.6	25.4	63.5	1.3	62.2
2002	24.2	2.2	22	50.2	1.1	49.1
2003	26.8	1.4	25.4	57.3	0.7	56.6
2004	36	2.8	33.2	75.5	1.6	73.9
2005	37.5	3.5	34	85.5	2.5	83
2006	46.3	3.4	42.9	118.4	2.6	115.8
2007	57.6	3.3	54.3	156.9	3.7	153.2
2008	54.4	10.3	44.1	165.7	7.1	158.6
2009	55.9	25.5	30.4	176.4	8.9	167.5
2010	70.7	1.3	69.4	223	2.6	220.4

Notes:

^a Million litres.

^b In millions. Currency not available.

Source: With data from Embrapa Grape and Wine.

Table 2. RS’s and PE’s absolute grape production and relative participation in the national production.

Year	RS total (in tons)	% of Brazilian production	PE total (in tons)	% of Brazilian production	Brazil total production
1990	538,705	66.94	14,483	1.80	804,774
1991	396,318	61.16	17,163	2.65	648,026
1992	505,462	63.17	18,510	2.31	800,112
1993	489,464	62.16	26,475	3.36	787,363
1994	479,034	59.32	30,821	3.82	807,520
1995	479,619	57.33	56,672	6.77	836,545
1996	333,638	48.71	47,817	6.98	684,902
1997	456,008	51.20	21,413	2.40	890,708
1998	348,368	44.99	49,973	6.45	774,352
1999	502,950	53.99	85,414	9.17	931,500
2000	532,553	51.98	86,078	8.40	1,024,482
2001	498,219	47.06	102,142	9.65	1,058,579
2002	570,181	49.64	99,978	8.70	1,148,648
2003	489,015	45.81	104,506	9.79	1,067,422
2004	696,599	53.94	152,059	11.77	1,291,382
2005	611,868	49.64	150,827	12.24	1,232,564
2006	623,878	49.63	155,781	12.39	1,257,064
2007	704,176	51.34	170,325	12.42	1,371,555
2008	776,964	54.66	165,075	11.61	1,421,431
2009	737,363	54.00	158,517	11.61	1,365,491
2010	692,901	51.28	195,168	14.44	1,351,160

Note:

RS, Rio Grande do Sul; PE, Pernambuco.

Source: IBGE – Produção Agrícola Municipal.

Table 3. Annual Rio Grande do Sul’s wine production (millions of litres).

	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Total wine production	200	209	224	255	274	200	228	198	260	319	329	263	291	232	357	271	217	318	335	245	220
% of Brazilian total wine production	54.12	82.65	74.52	83.42	78.41	56.55	87.70	60.16	96.70	84.70	90.49	88.61	90.66	88.55	90.90	84.84	91.53	90.89	90.88	n.a.	n.a.
Brazilian total wine production	370	253	301	306	349	354	260	329	269	376	364	297	321	262	393	320	237	350	368	n.a.	n.a.

Source: Elaborated with data from Embrapa Grape and Wine and the International Organisation of Vine and Wine.

Table 4. Clusters’ market share.

Cluster	Number of wineries	Commercialization share (%)
		Total^a	Quality wine	Sparkling wine
1	30	7	47	52
2	4	25	40	35
3	46	43	12	13
4	43	2	0.3	0
5	149	10	0.1	0
6	109	13	1	0

Note:

^a Wine and derivatives from wine and grape.

Source: Miele et al. (2007).

Miele, M., Coldebella, A., Waquil, P. and Miele, A. (2007) ‘Segments of competition in South Brazilian wineries’, Scientia Agricola, 64, 3, pp.227–34.

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