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Research Article

Characterizing Innovation in Science through the Disruption Index

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Figures & data

Figure 1. Illustration of the calculation of disruption scores. Papers may exclusively cite the article of interest (a), cite both the article of interest and a referenced article (b), or exclusively cite a referenced article (c). The disruption score is scaled from −1 to +1, with the former indicating developmental papers and the latter indicating disrupting papers.

Figure 1. Illustration of the calculation of disruption scores. Papers may exclusively cite the article of interest (a), cite both the article of interest and a referenced article (b), or exclusively cite a referenced article (c). The disruption score is scaled from −1 to +1, with the former indicating developmental papers and the latter indicating disrupting papers.

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