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Original Articles

AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF LEARNER'S AFFECT FROM GROSS BODY LANGUAGE

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Pages 123-150 | Published online: 04 Feb 2009

Figures & data

FIGURE 1 Body pressure measurement system; (a) the two pressure pads placed on the chair; (b) pressure maps obtained from the pressure pads on the back and seat; (c) pressure maps divided into four triangular areas for spatial analyses.

FIGURE 1 Body pressure measurement system; (a) the two pressure pads placed on the chair; (b) pressure maps obtained from the pressure pads on the back and seat; (c) pressure maps divided into four triangular areas for spatial analyses.

FIGURE 2 Clustering pressure maps on the back and the seat with the EM algorithm. The left half of the image is the output from the back, while the right half is the output from the seat of the chair. The top quadrants (left and right) show the pressure maps on the back and seat. The eight plots on the bottom depict each individual clusters – four for the back (left) and four for the seat (right). Note that the clusters are based on position (X and Y co-ordinates of each sensing element) as well as intensity (pressure exerted on the sensing element).

FIGURE 2 Clustering pressure maps on the back and the seat with the EM algorithm. The left half of the image is the output from the back, while the right half is the output from the seat of the chair. The top quadrants (left and right) show the pressure maps on the back and seat. The eight plots on the bottom depict each individual clusters – four for the back (left) and four for the seat (right). Note that the clusters are based on position (X and Y co-ordinates of each sensing element) as well as intensity (pressure exerted on the sensing element).

FIGURE 3 Hierarchical classification via an associated pandemonium.

FIGURE 3 Hierarchical classification via an associated pandemonium.

TABLE 1 Frequency of Affective States in Each Data Set

FIGURE 4 Mean kappa across: (A) feature type; (B) emotions classified; (C) affect judge; (D) interaction between emotions classified and affect judge; (E) classification scheme.

FIGURE 4 Mean kappa across: (A) feature type; (B) emotions classified; (C) affect judge; (D) interaction between emotions classified and affect judge; (E) classification scheme.

TABLE 2 Maximum Classification Accuracy in Detecting Affect

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