ANN-BASED SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR EXCITATION FOR TRANSIENT STABILITY ENHANCEMENT AND VOLTAGE REGULATION

Figures & data

FIGURE 1 Showing generalization (solid line) versus overfitting phenomenon (dotted line).

FIGURE 2 Relationship between voltage, active power, and power factor.

FIGURE 3 Variation of active power in relation to load angle.

FIGURE 4 The exciter AC4A model.

FIGURE 5 Single machine-infinite bus model.

FIGURE 6 Block diagram of AVR and exciter combination.

TABLE 1 The Simulated Synchronous Generator Parameters

Xd	1.86 pu	Xq	1.72 pu	RStator	0.003 pu
	0.25 pu		0.43 pu	Inertia	3.6
	0.21 pu		0.28 pu	Hz	50 Hz
	0.3 s		0.04 s		0.031 s

TABLE 2 Parameters of Excitation System (see Figure 6)

T1	8 s	T4	1 s
T2	16.4 s	T5	0.3 s
T3	0.2 s	K	8
K2	1

FIGURE 7 ANN training flow chart.

FIGURE 8 MSE and MAE with change in hidden nodes of different learning algorithms.

FIGURE 9 Performance at ±10 change to Vref at (0.051 + j0.24) Ω.

FIGURE 10 Performance at ±10 Change to Vref at (0.007 + j0.004) Ω.

FIGURE 11 Terminal voltage; 120 ms fault at (0.051 + j0.24) Ω load.

FIGURE 12 Load angle; 120 ms fault at (0.051 + j0.24) Ω.

FIGURE 13 Load angle; 120 ms fault at (0.007 + j0.004) Ω.

FIGURE 14 Terminal voltage; 120 ms fault at (0.007 + j0.004) Ω.