EVOLVING A TEAM IN A FIRST-PERSON SHOOTER GAME BY USING A GENETIC ALGORITHM

Figures & data

FIGURE 1 In-game screenshots of Quake III Arena. (Color figure available online.)

FIGURE 2 (a) The basic architecture of the bots’ AI in Quake III and (b) the interface with the gene-evolution system.

FIGURE 3 The state diagram is based on the situation of the flag in the game.

TABLE 1 State Transitions and Weights α _l

Advantage transition				Disadvantage transition
Transition l	From	To	α l	Transition l	From	To	α l
0	S 0	S 1	0.04	1	S 0	S 2	−0.04
2	S 3	S 1	0.06	3	S 1	S 3	−0.06
4	S 2	S 3	0.08	5	S 3	S 2	−0.08
6	S 1	S 4	0.12	7	S 2	S 4	−0.12

FIGURE 4 Fitness values vs. generation in the state of (a) flag at center; (b) flag captured by the evolution team; (c) flag captured by the opponent; (d) flag dropped. (Color figure available online.)

FIGURE 5 The scored points in 20 matches for (a) an unevolved team and a computer-controlled team, (b) a GA-evolution team and a computer-controlled team. (Color figure available online.)

FIGURE 6 The scored points in 30 matches for (a) an unevolved team and a computer-controlled team, (b) a GA-evolution team and a computer-controlled team. (Color figure available online.)

FIGURE 7 The scored points in 40 matches for (a) an unevolved team and a computer-controlled team, (b) a GA-evolution team and a computer-controlled team. (Color figure available online.)

TABLE 2 Analysis of an Unevolved Team Playing Against a Computer-Controlled Team, and a Gene-Evolution Team Playing Against a Computer-Controlled Team

	Unevolved team			Evolution team
Number of matches	20	30	40	20	30	40
Number of wins	8	8	25	18	26	33
Number of losses	12	22	15	2	4	7
Percentage of wins (%)	40	27	63	90	87	83
Scored points	340	534	798	472	693	944
Lost points	371	607	725	340	479	665
Total points	711	1141	1523	812	1172	1609
Percentage of score (%)	47.8	46.8	52.4	58.1	59.1	58.7
Percentage of loss (%)	52.2	53.2	47.6	41.9	40.9	41.3