Multi-Resolution and Noise-Resistant Surface Defect Detection Approach Using New Version of Local Binary Patterns

Figures & data

Figure 1. An example of applying LBP with P = 8 and R = 1.

Figure 2. The 36 unique rotation invariant binary patterns that can occur in the circularly symmetric neighbor set of LBP_8,R. Black and white circles correspond to bit values of 0 and 1 in the output (a) Hatchet Stone (b) Orange Travertine Stone (c) Creamy Travertine Stone (d) Box-Pattern Fabric (e) Star-Pattern Fabric (f) Dot-Pattern Fabric.

Figure 3. Noise effects on MLBP.

Figure 4. Some examples of database images.

Figure 5. Train Defect-less samples (a) Hatchet Stone (b) Orange Travertine (c) Non-Wavy Creamy Travertine (d) Box-Pattern Fabric (e) Star-Pattern Fabric (f) Dot-Pattern Fabric.

Figure 6. Determining result by defect detected image.

Table 1. The average of detection rate of applying multi-resolution LBP with different P and R, on stone database.

Features	Category Operation	Creamy Travertine	Hatchet	Orange Travertine
10	NrCLBP8,1	93.47	92.24	90.33
18	NrCLBP16,2	96.2	95.85	95.90
26	NrCLBP24,3	90.42	91.39	95.82
10 + 18	NrCLBP8,1 + NrCLBP16,2	93.60	94.47	93.71
10 + 26	NrCLBP8,1 + NrCLBP24,3	92.37	95.70	92.64
18 + 26	NrCLBP16,2 + NrCLBP24,3	90.53	97.8	93.15
10 + 18 + 26	NrCLBP8,1 + NrCLBP16,2 + NrCLBP24,3	89.62	90.17	91.14

Table 2. The average of detection rate of applying multi-resolution LBP with different P & R on fabric textile database.

Features	Category Operation	Dot Pattern	Box Pattern	Star Pattern
10	NrCLBP8,1	95.32	96.57	95.84
18	NrCLBP16,2	96.18	98.1	97.5
26	NrCLBP24,3	92.16	93.77	92.90
10 + 18	NrCLBP8,1 + NrCLBP16,2	97.5	94.50	95.66
10 + 26	NrCLBP8,1 + NrCLBP24,3	92.37	90.72	94.38
18 + 26	NrCLBP16,2 + NrCLBP24,3	91.85	92.26	93.28
10 + 18 + 26	NrCLBP8,1 + NrCLBP16,2 + NrCLBP24,3	90.18	90.37	91.06

Table 3. Specificity and Sensitivity of applying proposed approach on two databases.

Dataset	Architectonic Stone			Patterned Fabric
Category Criteria	Creamy Travertine	Hatchet	Orange Travertine	Dot Pattern	Box Pattern	Star Pattern
Sensitivity	93.4	95.1	94.1	93.7	94.2	96.4
Specificity	96.7	96.9	96.8	98.1	98	97.7

Table 4. Comparison detection rate results (%) of state-of-the-art approaches on two datasets.

Dataset	Architecture Stone			Patterned Fabric Textile
Category Operation	Creamy Travertine	Hatchet	Orange Travertine	Dot Pattern	Box Pattern	Star Pattern
Proposed NrCLBP	96.2	97.3	95.90	97.2	98.1	97.5
MLBP (Tajeripour, Kabir, and Sheikhi 2008)	93.67	94.11	95.43	96.5	97.6	97.4
1DLBP8 (Tajeripour and Fekriershad 2014, Fekriershad and Tajeripour 2012)	95.60	96.22	95.74	96.6	97.8	96.8
MBP (Hafiane, Seetharaman, and Zavidovique 2007)	92.36	90.17	91.25	94.31	92	92.8
Bollinger Bands (Ngan and Pang 2006)	–	–	–	95.1	94.8	94.6

Figure 7. (a) Original image of Dot-pattern Fabric (b) defect pattern of (a) by NrCLBP_8,1 + NrCLBP_16,2 (c) Original image of Star-Pattern Fabric (d) defect pattern of (c) by NrCLBP_16,2 (e) Original image of Orange Travertine (f) defect pattern of (e) by NrCLBP_16,2 (g) Original image of Hatchet stone (h) defect pattern of (g) by NrCLBP_16,2 + NrCLBP_24,3.

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