Emotional Dynamics and Coping Mechanisms to Generate Human-Like Agent Behaviors

Figures & data

Table 1. Emotivational and behavioral components of an emotion and the associated coping strategy.

Emotion	Emotivational component (goal)	Behavioral component (action)	Response/coping strategy
Joy	Sustain	Jump up, celebrate	Move toward it
Distress	Terminate, get away	Move around, leave	Move away from
Hope	Make happen	Anticipate, approach	Prepare to move toward or to stop moving away from it
Fear	Get to safety, prevent	Vigilance, inhibition or flight (run)	Prepare to move away from or to stop moving toward it
Pride	Recognition, dominance	Touch, hold	Move toward self
Shame	Get self out of sight	Decrease attention to	Move self away
Love/Like	Connect	Exhibit, assert	Move toward other
Dislike	Dissociate	Withdraw, conceal, submit	Move away from other
Guilt	Redress	Reproach, punish self	Move against self

Figure 1. The emotional agent model.

Table 2. Perceptual data categories and potential resulting emotions.

Appraiser	Perceptual data category	Perceptual data	Elicited emotion	Emotion category
Self-related events Appraiser	Self-Related Events	Safe (self)	Joy	Well-being emotions (WBE)
		InRefuge (self)
		Injury (self)	Distress
		InDanger (self)
		HealthStateDown (self)
Prospected events appraiser	Prospected Events	ProspectRescue (self)	Hope	Prospect-based emotions (PBE)
		Prospect Injury (self)	Fear
		ProspectDeath (self)
Other-related events Appraiser	Other-Related Events	Injury (other)	SorryFor	Empathetic emotions (EE)
		InDanger (other)
		HealthStateDown (other)
		Death (other)
Action appraiser	Actions	Agent Self action	Pride	Attribution emotions (AE)
			Shame/Guilt
Object appraiser	Elements of the environment	Refuge	Like	Attitude-based emotions (ABE)
		Blockade, building	Dislike

Table 3. Agent goals, their activation, dropping and suspension conditions and the actions for their achievement.

Agent goal	Activation condition(s)	Dropping condition(s)	Suspension condition(s)	Actions
Find a refuge	Safe(self)	InRefuge(self)	InDanger(self), Injury(self), Injury (other)	Walk, rest
Escape a risk	InDanger(self)	Safe(self)	Injury(self)	RandomWalk
Get saved	Injury(self), HealtStateDown (self))	Death(self)	InRefuge (self)	AskForHep
Help a person	Safe(self), Injury(other)	InRefuge (other), Injury(self)	InDanger(self)	HelpOther

Figure 2. Evolution of Goal-based emotions of an agent.

Figure 3. Evolution of events desirability of an agent.

Figure 4. Evolution of the Emotivational Goals and actions of an agent.

Figure 5. Evolution of the number of civilians per emotion without/with the consideration of the SorryFor emotion.

Figure 6. Evolution of the number of civilians per action without/with the consideration of the SorryFor emotion.