CFD Validation for Assessing the Repercussions of Filter Cake Breakers; EDTA and SiO₂ on Filter Cake Return Permeability

Figures & data

Figure 1. Filter cake from BSBMDIF (a), Chemical Breakers; EDTA (b), SiO₂ (c) (Wayo 2022).

Figure 2. Detachment of particles from strands (Puderbach, Schmidt, and Antonyuk 2021).

Table 1. Influence of EDTA and SiO₂ on return permeability (Wayo 2022).

		24 HR		42 HR
Cake breakers	Filter cakes	Removal efficiency, weight %	Return permeability, %	Removal efficiency, weight %	Return permeability, %
EDTA	#1	65.64	56.48
	#5			80.98	74.89
SiO2	#2	54.21	49.79
	#6			69.13	53.13

Table 2. Composition of filter cake buildup (Biodegradable Synthetic-Based Mud DIF) (Wayo 2022).

	ppg
Base Oil (Synthetic)	4.46
Sodium Tridecyl Ether Sulfate (emulsifier)	0.07
Bentonite (viscosifier)	0.02
Caustic Soda	0.014
Calcium Chloride	0.014
Water	1.43
Graphene Powder (Fluid Loss Control Agent)	0.02
Barite (weighting material)	3.54
Guar Gum (Biopolymer)	0.01
	10.0245

Figure 3. Experimental flow procedure to attaining data (Wayo 2022).

Figure 4. CFD algorithm.

Figure 5. Field and Laboratory illustration of slurry invasion/filter cakes (Shehadeh et al. 2021).

Table 3. Sampled drilling fluid’s rheology for cake buildup (Wayo 2022).

		BSBMDIF1	BSBMDIF2	BSBMDIF3
Property	Unit	Range
Density	Ib/ft^3	120.02	120.02	120.02
PV	cP	97.0	93.8	95.9
YP	Ib/100 ft^2	136.4	133.4	135.3
10s gel	Ib/100 ft^2	2.8	2.5	2.7
10 min gel	Ib/100 ft^2	3.2	3.1	3.1
Fluid Loss (Fisher et al. 2000)	mL/30 min	<6
Filter cake thickness	1/32 inch	<2

Table 4. Chemical breakers (Wayo 2022).

Material	Quantity
EDTA/ SiO2	45 g (each)
NaCl	25 g
Deionized Water	40 mL/g
Surfactant (Disodium Salt)	2.38 g
Mutual Solvent(1-Butanol)	10 g

Table 5. Barite rheology (Rabbani and Salehi 2017).

Speed	Unit	Readings
PV	cP	34
YP	100 Ib/sq ft	3
10 Sec Gel	100 Ib/sq ft	2
10 Min Gel	100 Ib/sq ft	4
30 Min Gel	100 Ib/sq ft	5
Mud weight	ppg	11.5

Table 6. Rabbani’s fluid particle size distribution (Rabbani and Salehi 2017).

Drilling fluids	d	d 5 $0\left(\text{mum}\right)$	d 9 $0\left(\text{mum}\right)$
Barite	1.936	33.05	112.188
Fine Calcium Carbonate	0.983	10.092	37.548
Medium Calcium Carbonate	1.002	12.409	55.035
Coarse Calcium Carbonate	1.626	16.421	86.861

Table 7. Mud and breaker particle sizes.

Particle	Size	Quantity	Volume (%)
Barite	$74\left(\text{mum}\right)$	3.54 ppg	35.3
EDTA	$10\left(\text{mum}\right)$	45 g	54.2
Silica	$150\left(\mathrm{n}\mathrm{m}\right)$	45 g	54.2

Figure 6. Laboratory materials for return permeability (a) Salehi’s geometry model (b) Current geometry and flow navigation (c).

Figure 7. Geometry (a), Mesh (b), Boundary (c).

Figure 8. Probable mechanical dispersion of particles considered for simulation (Rabbani and Salehi 2017).

Figure 9. Filtration volume over time.

Figure 10. Quantum of filtration predicting rate of permeability.

Figure 11. Filter cake thickness under comparative models.

Figure 12. Barite particle distribution (a) (Rabbani and Salehi 2017). Filtration of barite particles in shallow and deep wells (b) (Kabir and Gamwo 2011).

Figure 13. Particle sizes in simulation to determine permeability return.

Figure 14. Particle sizes and dispersion (Feng et al. 2020).

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