Waveforms Eavesdropping Prevention Framework: The Case of Classification of EPG Waveforms of Aphid Utilizing Wavelet Kernel Extreme Learning Machine

Figures & data

Figure 1. The EPG waveforms of aphid feeding.

Figure 2. The network edifice of the ELM.

Table 1. Effective Bandwidth Transformation (N = 256, NB = 16).

$N_B=16$	Sub-carrier	In-band BCF	Effective BCF
	$N=256$	$\beta =0.756$	$\alpha =0.8$
		$\beta =0.661$	$\alpha =0.7$
		$\beta =0.633$	$\alpha =0.67$

Figure 3. Average energy contrast of wavelet coefficients in layers 2~5.

Table 2. The attributes of the FD of the waveforms in EPG.

Waveforms	Box dimensions	Hurst exponents
np	1.566	0.063
pd	1.343	0.672
E1	1.44	0.261
E2	1.506	0.141
G	1.64	0.723
C	1.514	0.247
F	1.689	0.494

Table 3. The HHT attributes of the EPG waveforms.

Characteristic values	The spectral centroid of the first layer	The spectral centroid of the second layer	The spectral centroid of the third layer	The spectral centroid of the fourth layer
np	0.296	0.135	0.059	0.025
pd	0.156	0.074	0.038	0.021
E1	0.099	0.065	0.046	0.029
E2	0.166	0.072	0.043	0.022
G	0.140	0.052	0.035	0.019
C	0.162	0.076	0.044	0.021
F	0.136	0.081	0.049	0.023

Table 4. Comparing detection rates of decision trees with the distinct attribute vector.

Recognition rates（%）	Attribute vector
	S1	S2	S3	S4	S5
Group 1	85.00	81.43	90.00	91.43	90.00
Group 2	87.14	80.71	90.00	90.00	89.29
Group 3	97.14	93.57	93.57	93.57	93.57
Group 4	94.29	90.71	91.43	91.43	92.86
Mean（%）	90.90	86.61	91.25	91.61	91.43

Figure 4. Features distribution of EPG waveforms.

Figure 5. The impact of the neuron numbers in the hidden layer on the achievement of the ELM Classification.

Table 5. Comparing the recognition outcomes of the diverse classifiers.

	Distinct Classifiers	No.1 group	No.2 group	No.3 group	No.4 group	Mean（%）
Recognition rate（%）	Decision Tree	91.43	90.00	93.57	91.43	91.61
	PNN	85.71	82.86	97.86	96.43	90.72
	ELM	90.71	87.86	97.86	97.86	93.57
	RBFELM	90.00	88.57	97.86	97.86	93.57
	PKELM	90.71	87.14	97.86	97.86	93.39
	WKELM	90.71	91.43	97.86	97.86	94.47

Data availability statement

The data used in the research are available from the author upon request.