Artificial intelligence in higher education: a bibliometric analysis and topic modeling approach

Figures & data

Figure 1. PRISMA flowchart (adapted from Page et al. 2021).

Table 1. Analysis by document Type.

Document Type	Count	Percentage of 304
Conference Proceedings	169	55.6
Journal Articles	109	35.9
Book Chapters	12	3.9
Book	7	2.3
Review Articles	7	2.3

Figure 2. Publication and citation trends.

Table 2. Geographical location of studies.

Rank	Country	Articles	Rank	Country	Articles
1	China	67	36	Thailand	3
2	USA	25	37	Viet Nam	3
3	Russian	21	38	Argentina	2
4	UK	20	39	Chile	2
5	India	17	40	Egypt	2
6	Spain	16	41	Finland	2
7	Australia	13	42	France	2
8	Germany	10	43	Italy	2
9	Malaysia	9	44	Jamaica	2
10	Portugal	8	45	Japan	2
11	Romania	8	46	Latvia	2
12	Saudi Arabia	8	47	Lebanon	2
13	Colombia	7	48	Malta	2
14	Hong Kong	7	49	Pakistan	2
15	Morocco	7	50	Peru	2
16	South Africa	7	51	Singapore	2
17	Turkey	7	52	Sri Lanka	2
18	Indonesia	6	53	Bahrain	1
19	Ireland	6	54	Bangladesh	1
20	Taiwan	6	55	Belgium	1
21	Oman	5	56	Croatia	1
22	Sweden	5	57	Denmark	1
23	UAE	5	58	Estonia	1
24	Brazil	5	59	Ghana	1
25	Canada	4	60	Hungary	1
26	Iraq	4	61	Iran	1
27	Kazakhstan	4	62	Mauritius	1
28	Mexico	4	63	Namibia	1
29	Poland	4	64	Nigeria	1
30	South Korea	4	65	Senegal	1
31	Cyprus	3	66	Slovakia	1
32	Ecuador	3	67	Tunisia	1
33	Greece	3	68	Ukraine	1
34	Netherlands	3	69	Zimbabwe	1
35	Serbia	3

Table 3. Top 12 publishers.

Rank	Publisher	Count
1	ACM International Conference Proceeding Series	18
2	Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing	13
3	Journal of Physics Conference Series	12
4	Lecture Notes in Computer Science, including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics	10
5	International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning	6
6	Communications in Computer and Information Science	4
7	Frontiers in Psychology	4
8	IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology	4
9	Journal of Multiple-Valued Logic and Soft Computing	4
10	Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems	4
11	Procedia Computer Science	4
12	Proceedings 2021 International Conference on Computers Information Processing and Advanced Education Cipae 2021	4

Figure 3. Word cloud for AI application in HE.

Figure 4. Topic modelling analysis for AI application in HE using LDA.

Table 4. Ten Most frequent words per topic.

Topic Number	Ten most frequent words
0	education, university, learning, artificial, higher, intelligence, engineering, technology, students, systems
1	university, education, learning, intelligence, information, artificial, higher, technology, system, data
2	university, learning, education, artificial intelligence, students, higher, research, data, teaching
3	education, university, learning, higher, intelligence, artificial, technology, engineering, information, paper
4	university, education, intelligence, artificial, higher, learning, educational, technology, students, research
5	education, artificial, intelligence, learning, higher, university, technology, students, research, engineering
6	education, intelligence, university, artificial, technology, teaching, higher, research, students, training
7	learning, education, university, data, intelligence, artificial, students, teaching, technology, higher
8	education, university, higher, artificial, intelligence, management, learning, technologies, technology, research
9	education, university, learning, technology, higher, artificial, intelligence, information, students, engineering

Figure 5. Keyword co-occurrence map of high-frequency terms in titles and abstracts.

Figure 6. Keyword density map of high-frequency terms in titles and abstracts.

Page, M. J., J. E. McKenzie, P. M. Bossuyt, I. Boutron, T. C. Hoffmann, C. D. Mulrow, L. Shamseer, J. M. Tetzlaff, and D. Moher. 2021. Updating guidance for reporting systematic reviews: Development of the PRISMA 2020 statement. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 134 (1):103–12. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.02.003.

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