A Novel Method for Reducing Vehicle Emissions Utilizing IoT-Based IS-APCPSO Algorithm

Figures & data

Figure 1. The balance model of supply and demand in the IoT.

Figure 2. The mechanism of three policy tools.

Figure 3. The reduction system architecture of automotive emission based on the IoT.

Figure 4. The principle of emission reduction targets in the IoT.

Figure 5. An example of an urban road network.

Table 1. Input data in the urban road network.

Parameter	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
t^0a (min)	2.0	1.0	2.0	3.0	1.0	2.0	1.0
Ka (veh/min)	24.0	30.0	30.0	35.0	24.0	30.0	30.0
La (km)	2.67	1.33	2.67	4.00	1.33	2.67	1.33

Figure 6. The trend of the total vehicle emissions and the total cost in the IoT environment.

Figure 7. The trend of the total impedance and the total cost in the IoT environment.

Figure 8. Comparison of vehicle emissions between the intersection and road sections.

Figure 9. Comparison of vehicle emissions using different methods and IoT technology.

Figure 10. Change of the decision value with the conversion factor.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.