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Notes
1. Thorp and Bertram Citation(1985).
2. New forms of investment characterized the mining sector in the 1970s: the appearance of state mining companies, mainly in third world countries, changed the property structure of mining activity on a global level.
3. Flores Galindo Citation(1993), p. 51.
4. See De Echave Citation(2001).
5. The meeting took place on November 23–24, 1998 and was organized by the NGO CooperAcción.
6. “The NO vote won with 25,381 votes, that is 93.95% of the votes cast, taking into account spoiled and blank votes. The rate of absenteeism was 26.8%, a very respectable rate given that voting was not obligatory – unlike the current practice in official elections – and that the rate of absenteeism in the general elections in 2001 in the district had been 15%” (Rousseau & Melache, Citation2002).
7. Joint venture in which Newmont Mining Corporation owns 51.35% of the shares, Buenaventura 43.65% and the International Finance Corporation of the World Bank 5%.
8. According to initial estimates it contains 4 million ounces of gold.
9. Aste Daffós et al. Citation(2004).
10. Municipal order 012-2000-CMPC.
11. Unprecedented in Peru, the company made a public declaration of its guilt in a communiqué that appeared in the main national newspapers on November 4, 2004.
12. Extractive Industries Review Citation(2003).
13. Mining Ombudsman Citation(2003).
14. For example, in the case of the Code of SNMPE, a consultative committee made up of past presidents of that body deals with compliance.
15. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (represents the main industrialized economies).