Shared Book-Reading Amongst Parents of Autistic and Non-Autistic Children

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic details for parents of autistic/non-autistic children.

	Parents of autistic children n = 74		Parents of non-autistic children n = 142
	n	%	n	%
Parent gender
Female	60	81.1	123	13.4
Male	14	18.9	19	86.6
Marital status
Married	67	90.5	134	94.4
Divorced	7	9.5	6	4.2
Single	0		2	1.4
No. children in family
1	14	19.4	12	8.5
2–3	50	69.4	107	75.4
4+	8	11.1	23	16.2
Parent education
Up to 12 yr.	9	12.2	29	20.4
BA+other	48	64.9	75	52.8
MA+	17	23.0	38	26.8
Child gender
Female	19	73.0	66	51.4
Male	54	25.7	73	46.5

N = 216.

Table 2. Correlations between the frequency of SBR and demographic variables by group.

Variables	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
1. Parent education	–	.04	−.03	.19*	.19*	.12	.08	−.10	−.17*	−.11
2. Child sex	−.11	–	−.12	−.02	.02	−.13	.14	.11	−.01	−.25**
3. Child age	.02	−.17	–	−.11	−.10	.00	.18*	.39	−.19*	−.06
4. Freq SBR	.22	.01	−.08	–	.65**	.25**	.12	−.00	.00	.27**
5. Freq narrative	.10	−.01	−.14	.64**	–	.38**	.13	.09	−.04	.18*
6. Freq informational	−.23*	−.06	−.14	.20	.13	–	.16	.30**	.14	.02
7. Freq fairy tale	−.34**	.16	−.26*	.13	.34**	.35**	–	.32**	.08	.09
8. Freq alphabet	−.24*	−.01	−.21	.03	.27*	.31**	.54**	–	.24**	.13
9. Freq wordless	.03	.07	−.10	−.02	.19	−.10	.15	.13	–	.14
10. Self-efficacy	.04	−.27*	.17	.19	.06	−.02	−.15	−.01	−.33**	–

Above the diagonal: correlations for parents of non-autistic children (n = 142); below the diagonal: correlations for parents of autistic children (n = 74). Freq = frequency.

*p < .05, **p < .01.

Table 3. Comparisons between group (With/Without ASD) and education.

	Group						Education
	With ASD N = 74		Without ASD N = 142				Level 1 (<12 yrs) N = 38		Level 2 (Bachelor’s) N = 123		Level 3 (Master’s) N = 55
Variable	M	(SD)	M	(SD)	F(7, 204)	Partial η^2	M	(SD)	M	(SD)	M	(SD)		F(14, 408)	Partial η^2	Bonferroni post-hoc
Frequency SBR	2.85	(1.40)	3.17	(1.40)	1.13	.005	2.74	(1.46)	2.95	(1.40)	3.53	(1.29)		4.23*	.039	Level3 > 1,2
Narrative	2.95	(1.54)	2.54	(1.31)	4.75*	.022	2.26	(1.15)	2.69	(1.45)	2.95	(1.42)		1.59	.005
Information	1.01	(1.23)	1.36	(1.15)	0.77	.004	1.26	(1.25)	1.23	(1.17)	1.25	(1.22)		0.75	.007
Fairytale	1.88	(1.52)	1.62	(1.12)	2.00	.009	1.87	(1.02)	1.72	(1.36)	1.58	(1.23)		3.18*	.029	Level1 > 2,3
ABC	2.05	(1.24)	1.46	(1.33)	5.55*	.026	1.84	(1.28)	1.76	(1.34)	1.35	(1.29)		2.76	.026
Wordless	1.45	(1.67)	0.92	(1.16)	7.68**	.035	1.42	(1.42)	1.02	(1.31)	1.04	(1.48)		1.44	.014
Self-efficacy	4.63	(0.76)	4.94	(0.53)	21.21***	.092	4.86	(0.72)	4.85	(0.62)	4.76	(0.59)		1.91	.018

*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.

Figure 1. SBR of informational and fairytales and parenting self-efficacy according to education levels and group.

SBR frequency: 0 = never to 5 = every day; Self-efficacy scale: 1 = not at all to 6 = very much

Column means are written in the columns. Statistical significance is represented by stars next to the relevant column descriptor.

*p < .05, ***p < .001

Table 4. Hierarchical regression examining contribution of variables to the frequency of SBR.

Variable	B	SE B	β	R^2	ΔR^2
Step 1				.06	.06**
Constant	2.18***	.79
Parent gender	0.36	.26	.09
Parent age	−0.004	.02	−.02
Education	0.41	.15	.19**
Group	−0.31	.20	−.10
Step 2				.11	.05***
Constant	−0.18	1.02
Parent gender	0.21	.26	.05
Parent age	−.01	.02	−.04
Education	0.43	.14	.20**
Group	−0.15	.20	−.05
Self-efficacy	0.53	.15	.24***

**p < .01, ***p < .001.