Hospital-Acquired and Community-Acquired Acute Renal Failure in Hospitalized Chinese: A Ten-Year Review

Figures & data

Table 1 The ratio and creatinine at diagnosis of ARF by years

Years	ARF (n)	HA-ARF (n, %)	CA-ARF (n, %)	HA-ARF creatinine at diagnosis	CA-ARF creatinine at diagnosis
94–98	49	11 (22.4%)	38 (77.6%)	365.2 ± 98.4 μmol/ l	349.5 ± 106.2 μmol/ l
99–03	156	72 (46.2%)	84 (53.8%)	348.3 ± 117.0 μmol/ l	341.5 ± 113.6 μmol/ l
Total	205	83 (40.5%)	122 (59.5%)

*p < 0.05, 94–98 vs. 99–03.

Table 2 Epidemiology, laboratory, and clinics of ARF

	HA-ARF (n = 83)	CA-ARF (n = 122)
Gender (men/women)	50/33	71/51
Age (year)	61.5 ± 16.3	51.1 ± 20.3^†
Scr (μmol/ l)	593.0 ± 384.1	501.6 ± 240.7
BUN (mmol/ l)	32.4 ± 13.0	27.8 ± 13.7
Oliguria (n,%)	59 (71.1%)	67 (54.9%)
Hospital stay (day)	51.4 ± 40.8	25.3 ± 13.7^†

*p < 0.005, ^†p < 0.001, HA-ARF vs. CA-ARF.

Table 3 Division distribution of ARF (n, %)

	HA-ARF (n = 83)	CA-ARF (n = 122)
Internal medicine	34 (41%)	86 (70.5%)
Renal division	4 (4.8%)	56 (45.9%)
Surgical department	49 (59.0%)	36 (29.5%)
ICU	43 (51.8%)	13 (10.7%)

*p < 0.001, HA-ARF vs. CA-ARF.

Table 4 Pathophysiology and etiology of ARF (n, %)

	HA-ARF (n = 83)	CA-ARF (n = 122)
Pre-renal	23 (27.7%)	23 (18.9%)
Intra-renal	60 (72.3%)	85 (69.7%)
Post-renal	0	14 (11.4%)
Multiple factors	30 (36.1%)	12 (9.8%)
Drug-induced	22 (26.5%)	23 (18.9%)
Infection-related	20 (24.1%)	15 (12.3%)
Operations	21 (25.3%)	0

*p < 0.05, HA-ARF vs. CA-ARF.

Table 5 Outcome, severity, and therapy in ARF

	HA-ARF (n = 83)	CA-ARF (n = 122)
Mortality (n, %)	52 (62.7%)	28 (23.0%)^†
Recovery (n, %)	17 (20.5%)	82 (67.2%)^†
SIRS (n, %)	51 (61.4%)	33 (27.0%)^†
Number of failed organs	2.4 ± 1.0	0.5 ± 0.9^†
ATN-ISS	0.54 ± 0.24	0.27 ± 0.18^†
APACHEII	19.6 ± 4.9	15.7 ± 5.6
Mechanic ventilation (n, %)	46 (55.4%)	6 (4.9%)^†
RRT utilization (n, %)	39 (47.0%)	51 (41.8%)

*p < 0.05, ^†p < 0.001, HA-ARF vs. CA-ARF.

Table 6 Univariate analysis of risk factor

	HA-ARF		CA-ARF
	Non-survivors (n = 52)	Survivors (n = 31)	Non-survivors (n = 28)	Survivors (n = 94)
Age	63.8 ± 16.4	57.5 ± 16.0	66.9 ± 13.8	46.5 ± 19.5^†
Hospital stay	46.1 ± 43.3	61.4 ± 61.3	14.6 ± 14.5	28.3 ± 25.0
ICU	15	7^†	38	19
Oliguria	43	16	19	48
Peak serum creatinine	490.0 ± 231.1	512.3 ± 258.7	509.3 ± 275.8	619.6 ± 407.0
BUN	33.8 ± 13.3	30.5 ± 12.7	34.4 ± 13.0	25.7 ± 13.2
Bilirubin	63.7 ± 123.9	49.7 ± 83.2	69.1 ± 149.6	22.5 ± 85.3
Albumin	32.6 ± 7.3	36.4 ± 5.3	32.9 ± 6.7	33.9 ± 8.0
Number of failed organs	1.7 ± 0.9	0.7 ± 0.8^†	1.4 ± 1.3	0.2 ± 0.5^†
SIRS	41	10^†	17	16^†
Mechanic ventilation	34	12	3	3
RRT	28	11	12	39

*p < 0.05, ^†p < 0.001, non-survivors vs. survivors.

Table 7 Multivariate analysis of risk factors for mortality

	Regressioncoefficient	Standard error	OR	p
HA-ARF
Oliguria	1.72	0.74	5.56	0.020
SIRS	1.51	0.67	4.53	0.024
Number of failed organs	0.98	0.43	2.67	0.021
CA-ARF
Age	0.92	0.03	1.10	0.001
SIRS	1.64	0.73	5.17	0.024
Number of failed organs	1.62	0.46	5.07	<0.001