Effects of Long-Term Pravastatin Treatment on Serum and Urinary Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Levels and Renal Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Normoalbuminuria

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of hyperlipidemic and non-hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria

	Non-hyperlipidemia	Hyperlipidemia
n	11	10
Age (years)	63 ± 2	63 ± 4
Gender (M/F)	7/4	3/7
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	23.3 ± 0.8	26.4 ± 1.4
Diabetes duration (years)	12 ± 3	11 ± 2
Retinopathy (N/S/P)	9/2/0	7/1/2
Anti-diabetes treatment (n [%])
Diet	2 (18)	1 (10)
Sulfonylureas	7 (63)	3 (30)
Thiazolidinediones	0 (0)	1 (10)
Insulin	2 (18)	5 (50)
Hypertension (n [%])	6 (55)	9 (90)
Anti-hypertensive treatment (n [%])
CCBs	0 (0)	1 (11)
ACE inhibitors	1 (17)	1 (11)
ARBs	1 (17)	1 (11)
CCBs + ARBs	4 (67)	6 (67)

Data are presented as means ± SE.

Retinopathy: N = normal; S = simple; P = proliferative. Abbreviations: CCBs = calcium channel blockers; ACE inhibitors = angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs = angiotensin II receptor blockers.

Table 2 Changes in clinical parameters during pravastatin treatment in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria and baseline data in non-hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria

	Hyperlipidemia			Non-hyperlipidemia
Treatment month	Baseline	6 mo	12 mo	Baseline
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)	136 ± 12	143 ± 11	142 ± 13	132 ± 7
HbA1c (%)	7.1 ± 0.3	7.1 ± 0.3	7.1 ± 0.2	7.2 ± 0.1
Systolic BP (mmHg)	133 ± 5	135 ± 4	126 ± 5	134 ± 4
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	75 ± 3	75 ± 3	73 ± 3	77 ± 2
LDL-C (mg/dL)	152 ± 5	104 ± 5	97 ± 7	92 ± 5
HDL-C (mg/dL)	56 ± 4	53 ± 3	59 ± 4	59 ± 3
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	144 ± 20	110 ± 12	85 ± 6^†	84 ± 8^‡
RLP-C (mg/dL)	7.9 ± 1.2	5.0 ± 0.6^†	3.7 ± 0.3^†	ND
Lp (a) (mg/dL)	11.4 ± 3.2	12.3 ± 3.8	13.8 ± 4.8	ND
hsCRP (mg/L)	0.958 ± 0.176	0.592 ± 0.108^†	0.569 ± 0.088^‡	ND
BUN (mg/dL)	14.4 ± 0.9	15.3 ± 1.1	14.3 ± 1.0	14.6 ± 1.1
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	0.66 ± 0.04	0.67 ± 0.04	0.69 ± 0.04	0.65 ± 0.04
Urinary albumin (mg/gCr)	19.3 ± 2.2	16.9 ± 2.6	17.3 ± 3.3	14.6 ± 1.1
Urinary transferrin (mg/gCr)	1.3 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.3	ND
Urinary NAG (U/gCr)	5.3 ± 0.8	5.4 ± 0.8	5.3 ± 1.0	ND

Data are presented as means ± SE.

*p < 0.0001

^†p < 0.05

^‡p < 0.01 vs. hyperlipidemia baseline.

Abbreviation: ND = not determined.

Figure 1. Effects of pravastatin treatment on serum and urinary MCP-1 levels in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria. Serum and urinary MCP-1 levels were determined at baseline and 6 and 12 months following the introduction of pravastatin treatment in the hyperlipidemic diabetic patients. Serum and urinary MCP-1 levels were also measured at baseline in non-hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria. HL and non-HL indicate hyperlipidemic and non-hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria, respectively. *p < 0.05 vs. values at 0 mo in HL group; ^#p < 0.05 vs. values in non-HL group.

Figure 2. Correlation between serum LDL-C and MCP-1 levels in all data at baseline and 6 and 12 months following the introduction of pravastatin treatment in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria, as well as at baseline in the non-hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria.