Mortality Risk Factors in Chronic Renal Failure Patients after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Figures & data

Figure 1. Etiology of chronic renal failure.

Table 1 Demographic and clinical features of patients in Group I and II

Patient characteristics	Group I (n = 47)	Group II (n = 55)	p
Age (yr.)	56.6 ± 9.9	63.2 ± 8.5	<0.001
Male gender (n/%)	33 (70.2%)	43 (70.8%)	>0.05
CRD duration (months)	48.6 ± 9.0	44.0 ± 12.0	>0.05
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	122.1 ± 22.0	137.4 ± 18.4	<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	71.8 ± 9.7	79.7 ± 9.6	<0.001
DM (n, %)	17 (36.2%)	29 (53.7%)	>0.05
HT (n, %)	39 (83.0%)	46 (83.6%)	>0.05
HL (n, %)	19 (40.4%)	30 (61.2%)	>0.05
MI (n, %)	15 (42.9%)	20 (57.1%)	>0.05
Prevalence of smoking (n, %)	17 (43.6%)	22 (56.4%)	>0.05
EF	49.9 ± 10.8	48.0 ± 8.8	>0.05
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.7 ± 3.0	26.4 ± 4.0	0.02

Abbreviations: CRD = chronic renal disease, DM = diabetes mellitus, HT = hypertension, HL = hyperlipidemia, MI = myocardial infarct, EF = ejection fraction, BMI = body mass index.

Table 2 Comparison of zero and six months' laboratory data in patients in Group I and Group II

	0 months			6 months
	Group I	Group II	p	Group I	Group II	p
Hemoglobin, (gr/dL)	10.9 ± 1.4	12.0 ± 1.8	<0.001	10.7 ± 0.9	11.0 ± 1.0	>0.05
Calcium (mg/dL)	9.3 ± 0.8	9.1 ± 0.8	>0.05	9.0 ± 0.8	8.5 ± 0.8	>0.05
Phosphorus (mg/dL)	4.3 ± 1.6	3.9 ± 0.2	>0.05	4.4 ± 1.4	4.1 ± 0.6	>0.05
Albumin (gr/dL)	3.5 ± 0.5	3.8 ± 0.4	>0.05	3.4 ± 0.6	3.2 ± 0.5	>0.05
CRP (mg/L)	30.7 ± 8.0	22.9 ± 4.2	>0.05	34.1 ± 7.5	31.6 ± 9.8	>0.05
T.cholesterol (mg/dL)	185 ± 32.9	212.8 ± 66.9	>0.05	185.1 ± 68.4	196.7 ± 54.4	>0.05
Trygliceride (mg/dL)	171.8 ± 78.8	176.5 ± 100.9	>0.05	208.5 ± 139.4	136.7 ± 44.1	>0.05
HDL (mg/dL)	39.7 ± 7.2	39.7 ± 8.7	>0.05	44.2 ± 11.6	42.6 ± 7.80	>0.05

Table 3 Intraoperative data

		Group I	Group II	p
Duration of operation (min)		222.6 ± 43.8	236.4 ± 62.9	>0.05
CPB time (min)		82.8 ± 26.0	84.9 ± 33.5	>0.05
Aortic cross-clamp time (min)		39.7 ± 18.4	44.8 ± 16.5	>0.05
Chest drainage time (min)		79.3 ± 34.7	94.9 ± 54.4	>0.05
Number of coronary bypass (n, %)	≤ 2	17 (36.1%)	12 (21.8%)	>0.05
	≥ 3	30 (63.9%)	43 (78.2%)	>0.05

Abbreviation: CPB = cardiopulmoner bypass.

Table 4 Postoperative data and complications

	Group I	Group II	p
Mechanical ventilation (hours)	53.5 ± 23.7	23.3 ± 7.1	>0.05
ICU stay (hours)	128.3 ± 25.3	110.4 ± 12.4	>0.05
Postoperative.stay (days)	15.5 ± 9.4	15.3 ± 8.4	>0.05
Tamponade (%)	1 (2.1%)	0 (0%)	>0.05
Mediastinitis (%)	3 (6.4%)	3 (5.5%)	>0.05
Infection (%)	5 (10.6%)	10 (18.2%)	>0.05
Arrhythmia (%)	1 (2.1%)	3 (5.4%)	>0.05
HD requirement (%)		9 (16.4%)
Blood transfusion (red cells/unit)	2.9 ± 0.4	1.6 ± 0.3	<0.05

Abbreviations: ICU = intensive care unit, HD = hemodialysis

Figure 2. Kaplan Meier proportion of surviving patients comparing HD-dependent and -nondependent CRF patients (log-rank test, p = 0.35).

Table 5 Multivariate Cox Proportional Hazards Analysis of Preoperative Risk Factors on Mortality for 24 months

	Group I			Group II
Factor	RR	95% CI	p	RR	95% CI	p
Age	1.07	0.99–1.16	>0.05	0.96	0.86–1.06	>0.05
BMI	1.10	0.83–1.44	>0.05	1.01	0.84–1.21	>0.05
EF	0.99	0.94–1.05	>0.05	0.97	0.87–1.07	>0.05
History of smoking	1.69	0.40–7.12	>0.05	0.74	0.10–5.30	>0.05
HT	0.80	0.70–8.65	>0.05	1.28	0.10–15.7	>0.05
HL	0.13	0.01–1.16	>0.05	7.81	0.81–74.7	>0.05
DM	0.65	0.09–4.46	>0.05	0.45	0.07–2.62	>0.05
MI	0.60	0.12–2.80	>0.05	1.77	0.17–18.5	>0.05

*All factors in the univariate analyses were included in the step forward multivariate model, and significant factors are presented.

Abbreiations: CI = coefficient interval, RR = relative risk, BMI = body mass index, EF = ejection fraction, HT = hypertension, HL = hyperlipidemia, DM; diabetes mellitus, MI = myocardial infarction.

Table 6 Multivariate Cox Proportional Hazards Analysis of Intraoperative and Postoperative Risk Factors of Mortality

	Group I			Group II
Factor	RR	95% CI	p	RR	95% CI	p
Time of operation	1.00	0.98–1.01	>0.05	1.00	0.99–1.01	>0.05
Numbers of coronary vessel bypass	0.39	0.09–1.59	>0.05	1.38	0.15–12.4	>0.05
HD requirement				3.45	0.58–20.4	>0.05
Infection	4.42	0.93–20.8	<0.05	9.39	2.07–42.5	<0.05

*All factors in the univariate analyses were included in the step forward multivariate model, and significant factors are presented.

Abbreviations: CI = coefficient interval; RR = relative risk, HD = hemodialysis.