Renal Function in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats Concurrently Exposed to Long-Term Nicotine (3-{1-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidinyl}Pyridine) and Methylated Spirits (Methyl Alcohol)

Figures & data

Table 1 Weekly determinations of body weight (% change) and masses of food consumed (g.day⁻¹), and weekly determinations of urine flow (mL.day⁻¹) and Na⁺ excretion (mmol.day⁻¹) rates in conscious control and animals treated every second consecutive day for 4 wk with nicotine and/or methylated spirits (n  =  8 in each group)

	Week
Treatment	1	2	3	4
Food intake
Control	26 ± 1	26 ± 1	27 ± 1	27 ± 1
Nicotine	21 ± 1	19 ± 1	17 ± 1	16 ± 1
M. spirits	19 ± 1	18 ± 2	18 ± 2	17 ± 2
Nicotine/M.spirits	20 ± 1	17 ± 1	18 ± 1	17 ± 1*
Body wt. change
Control	+4 ± 1	+5 ± 1	+7 ± 1	+9 ± 1
Nicotine	+2 ± 1	–1 ± 1	–5 ± 1*	–7 ± 1
Methylated spirits	+ 7 ± 1^†	+ 9 ± 1^†	+ 13 ± 1^†	+ 17 ± 1*^†
Nicotine/methylated spirits	+ 9 ± 1^†	+ 12 ± 1^†	+ 16 ± 1*^†	+ 18±1*^†
Urine flow
Control	8 ± 1	9 ± 1	9 ± 1	9 ± 1
Nicotine	9 ± 1	10 ± 1	10 ± 1	10 ± 1
Methylated spirits	5 ± 1*^†	6 ± 1*^†	4 ± 1^†	5 ± 1^†
Nicotine/methylated spirits	6 ± 1*^†	8 ± 1	9 ± 1	9 ± 1
Weekly Na^+
Control	14 ± 1	14 ± 2	15 ± 1	14 ± 2
Nicotine	12 ± 1	12 ± 1	10 ± 1	6 ± 1^†
Methylated spirits	17 ± 1^†	19 ± 1^†	21 ± 1*^†	23 ± 1^†
Nicotine/methylated spirits	19 ± 1^†	20 ± 1*^†	22 ± 1^†	25 ± 1^†

*p < 0.01 by comparison with control animals.

^†p < 0.01 by comparison with rats administered nicotine alone.

Table 2 Concentrations of nicotine (ng.mL⁻¹), ethanol (mg.dL⁻¹), methanol (mg.dL⁻¹), hormones (AVP, fmol.L⁻¹ & ALD, nmol.L⁻¹), plasma electrolytes (Na⁺ & K⁺, μmol), and pH in unanesthetized groups of rats administered every second consecutive day for 4 wk with nicotine and/or methylated spirits (n  =  8 in each group)

	Group
Parameter	Control	Nicotine	Methylated spirits	Nicotine + methylated spirits
Nicotine (ng.mL^−1)	nil	5.24 ± 0.35	nil	7.81 ± 0.21^†
Ethanol (mg.dL^−1)	nil	nil	68 ± 2	72 ± 1^‡
Methanol (mg.dL^−1)	nil	nil	35 ± 1	41 ± 1^‡
AVP (fmol.L^−1)	9.89 ± 0.35	8.56 ± 1.01	7.65 ± 0.25	6.72 ± 0.58^†
ALD (nmol.L^−1)	1.90 ± 0.15	3.80 ± 0.10	5.02 ± 0.19^†	6.18 ± 0.12^†
Plasma [Na^+] (mmol)	131 ± 1	140 ± 1	142 ± 1	145 ± 1^†
Plasma [K^+] (mmol)	4.32 ± 0.51	4.41 ± 0.24	4.27 ± 0.11	4.12 ± 0.13
Plasma pH	7.35 ± 0.03	7.30 ± 0.02	7.50 ± 0.01	7.40 ± 0.02

*p < 0.01 by comparison with control animals.

^†p < 0.01 by comparison with rats administered nicotine alone.

^‡p < 0.01 by comparison with rats administered methylated spirits alone.

Table 3 Total urine volume (mL), urine and plasma electrolytes (Na⁺ & K⁺, μmol), hormones (AVP, fmol.L⁻¹ & ALD, nmol.L⁻¹), concentrations of nicotine (ng.mL⁻¹), ethanol (mg.dL⁻¹), methanol (mg.dL^-1), and plasma pH in anesthetized groups of rats previously administered every second consecutive day for 4 wk. with nicotine and/or methylated spirits (n  =  8 in each group)

Group	Control	Nicotine	Methylated spirits	Nicotine + methylated spirits
Urine volume (mL)	36.74 ± 1.21	31.62 ± 1.02	30.53 ± 1.06	35.15 ± 1.54^†
Na^+ (μmol)	2351 ± 31	2740 ± 21	2935 ± 25*^†	2857 ± 19^†
K^+ (μmol)	890 ± 15	652 ± 19	688 ± 10*^†	660 ± 18^†
Plasma [Na^+] (mmol)	130 ± 1	126 ± 1	124 ± 1	125 ± 1
Plasma [K^+] (mmol)	4.02 ± 0.21	3.75 ± 0.16	4.35 ± 0.19^†	4.24 ± 0.11^†
AVP (fmol.L^−1)	9.42 ± 0.85	9.6 6± 1.05	9.75 ± 0.74	9.70 ± 1.12
ALD (nmol.L^−1)	1.90 ± 0.11	1.75 ± 1.11	1.68 ± 1.21*^†	1.71 ± 0.87^†
Nicotine (ng.mL^−1)	nil	4.84 ± 0.52	nil	6.88 ± 0.19^†
Ethanol (mg.dL^−1)	nil	nil	80 ± 1	68 ± 1^‡
Methanol (mg.dL^−1)	nil	nil	36 ± 1	45 ± 1^‡
Plasma pH	7.29 ± 0.04	7.33 ± 0.13	7.35 ± 0.08	7.40 ± 0.02

*p < 0.01 by comparison with control animals.

^†p < 0.01 by comparison with rats administered nicotine alone.

^‡p < 0.01 by comparison with rats administered methylated spirits alone.