Oxidative Stress in Children with Acute Glomerulonephritis

Figures & data

Table 1 Results of biochemical analyses and blood pressure measurements in patients with acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) at presentation (mean ± standard error of mean, SEM)

	Mean ± SEM	Range	Patients over upper limits, n (%)
Albumin (g/dL)	4.1 ± 0.2	3.2–5.3	—
Total protein (g/dL)	7.1 ± 0.2	5.6–8.9	—
BUN (mg/dL)	25 ± 6	8–98	6 (35.3)
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.92 ± 0.13	0.6–2.6	5 (29.4)
Uric acid (mg/dL)	5.4 ± 0.6	3.0–11.9	5 (29.4)
Systolic BP (mm Hg)	114 ± 5	90–170	6 (35.3)
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)	77 ± 5	40–120	5 (29.4)

Abbreviations: BUN = blood urea nitrogen, BP = blood pressure.

Table 2 Acute phase reactant levels and some immunological parameters in children with acute glomerulonephritis

	Mean ± SEM	Range	Patients outside the limits, n (%)
WBC (10^3/mm^3)	11.2 ± 1.0	6.3–21.2	7 (41.2)
C3 (mg/dL)	40.4 ± 4.9	20–75	17 (100.0)
C4 (mg/dL)	24.1 ± 3.1	5–44	2 (11.8)
ASO (Todd units)	313 ± 52	200–800	7 (41.2)
CRP (ng/mL)	13.1 ± 3.6	6–48	6 (35.3)
ESR (mm/h)	43 ± 5	3–80	15 (88.2)
IgA (mg/dL)	227 ± 19	110–400	6 (35.3)
IgG (mg/dL)	1286 ± 103	570–2260	4 (23.5)
IgM (mg/dL)	108 ± 7	73–170	—

Abbreviations: WBC = white blood cell count, C = complement factor, ASO = anti-streptolysin O, CRP = c-reactive protein, ESR = erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

Figure 1. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels at disease onset and remission stage in comparison with healthy controls in children with acute glomerulonephritis.

Figure 2. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in patients with acute glomerulonephritis and healthy subjects.

Table 3 Comparison of antioxidant and oxidant markers between acute and remission stages of acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) and healthy subjects (mean ± SEM)

	AGN-acute (n = 17)	AGN-remission (n = 17)	Controls (n = 17)
Malondialdehyde (nmol/mL)	5.11 ± 0.28, p = 0.001, ^†p < 0.001	4.01 ± 0.38, ^†p = 0.079	3.15 ± 0.25
Superoxide dismutase (U/gHb)	3732 ± 193, p = 0.034, ^†p = 0.119	3985 ± 195, ^†p = 0.734	4035 ± 142

* p: acute versus remission stage (with Wilcoxon test).

^†p: compared with controls (with Mann-Whitney U test).

Figure 3. The relationship between superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and malondialdehyde (MDA2) in remission stage (r = 0.654, p = 0.004).