Acute Renal Failure in Hospitalized Patients in China: A Prospective Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of ARF in hospitalized patients (n = 320)

Clinical data	ARF patients
Male gender	198 (62%)
Age	56.6 ± 18.1
<60 yrs	185 (57.8%)
60–79 yrs	95 (29.7%)
≥80 yrs	40 (12.5%)
Cause
Pre-renal	125 (39.1%)
Intra-renal	157 (49.1%)
Post-renal	38 (11.9%)
Department at admission
Internal medicine	171 (53.4%)
Surgery	149 (46.6%)
Level of serum creatinine (μmol/l)
Baseline creatinine	346.2 ± 209.5
Peak creatinine	491.3 ± 332.7
Length of stay in hospital (days)	23.8 ± 20.5

Table 2 Cause among different age groups

Cause	<60 yrs(n = 185)	60–79yrs (n = 95)	≥80 yrs(n = 40)	p value
Prerenal	70 (37.8%)	38 (40.0%)	17 (42.5%)	0.648
Intrarenal	103 (55.7%)	41 (43.2%)	13 (32.5%)	0.011
Postrenal	12 (6.5%)	16 (16.8%)	10 (25.0%)	0.001

Figure 1. Comparison of mortality among different age groups.

Table 3 The relationship between MODS and prognosis

Number of organ failure	Total (n = 175)	Complete recovery (n = 37)	Improved(n = 57)	Death(n = 81)
2	87	28 (32.2%)	31 (35.6%)	28 (32.2%)
3	56	9 (16.1%)	17 (30.4%)	30 (53.6%)
≥4	32	0 (0.0%)	9 (28.1%)	23 (71.9%)

Abbreviations: MODS = multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

Table 4 The comparison of risk factors of patients with HA-ARF between death and survival groups

Risk factor	Death group(n = 39)	Survival group(n = 77)	p value
Age (>60 yrs)	28 (71.8%)	30 (39.0%)	0.001
Pre-existing CKD	20 (51.3%)	17 (22.1%)	0.001
Hypertension	5 (12.8%)	6 (7.8%)	0.383
Diabetes	7 (17.9%)	4 (5.2%)	0.027
MODS	23 (59.0%)	11 (14.3%)	0.001
Oliguria	20 (51.3%)	24 (31.2%)	0.035
Sepsis	16 (41.0%)	15 (19.5%)	0.013
Cancer	7 (17.9%)	8 (10.4%)	0.252
RRT	10 (25.6%)	22 (28.6%)	0.739

Abbreviations: MODS = multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, CKD = chronic kidney disease, RRT = renal replacement therapy.

Table 5 The comparison of factors of patients with ARF between death and survival groups

Variable	Death group (n = 102)	Survival group (n = 218)	p value
Age (years)	57.4 ± 18.9	56.1 ± 16.2	0.767
Male gender, %	65 (69.6)	133 (61.1)	0.641
Pre-existing renal failure, %	19 (18.6)	23 (10.6)	0.046
Low blood pressure, %	27 (26.5)	35 (16.1)	0.028
Oliguria, %	33 (32.4)	46 (21.1)	0.030
Sepsis, %	16 (15.7)	21 (9.6)	0.115
Diabetes mellitus, %	19 (18.6)	35 (16.1)	0.567
Cancer, %	20 (19.6)	23 (10.6)	0.027
Operation, %	23 (22.5)	43 (19.7)	0.561
Mechanical ventilation, %	30 (39.2)	34 (20.2)	0.004
High catabolism, %	17 (16.7)	19 (8.7)	0.036
Nephrotoxic drug used, %	28 (27.5)	50 (22.9)	0.381
Contrast agent used, %	10 (9.8)	12 (5.5)	0.157
Diuretic agent used, %	70 (68.6)	135 (61.9)	0.244
Organ failure
Respiratory failure, %	30 (39.2)	34 (20.2)	0.004
Heart failure, %	32 (31.4)	30 (13.8)	0.001
Hepatic failure, %	18 (17.6)	20 (9.2)	0.029
Level of serum creatinine (μmmol/l)
Baseline creatinine	345.2 ± 213.5	347.2 ± 208.6	0.402
Peak creatinine	489.4 ± 321.7	495.2 ± 306.3	0.859
RRT, %	29 (28.4)	66 (30.3)	0.737

Data are presented as means ± SD for quantitative variables or absolute number (valid percentage) for categorical variables.

Abbreviations: RRT = renal replacemet therapy.