Health related quality of life in 2002 and 2015 in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a single center study

Figures & data

Table 1. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the HD samples from 2002 and 2015.

Variables	2002 (n = 71)	2015 (n = 81)	p
Age (years)	59 ± 16	66 ± 13	0.003
Gender, male (%)	76.1	67.9	0.265
Married or having a partner (%)	52.9	64.6	0.147
Occupation (%)			0.993
Working full-time	4.2	3.9
Working part-time	7.0	6.6
Unemployed	2.8	2.6
Retired	78.9	77.6
Other	7.0	9.2
Education (%)			0.862
Low	36.6	32.5
Middle	39.4	42.9
High	23.9	24.7
Cause of renal failure (%)			0.011
Type I diabetes	4.2	2.5
Type II diabetes	7.0	22.2
Hypertensive nephropathy	8.5	16.0
Polycystic kidney disease	2.8	12.3
Glomerulonephritis	18.3	11.1
Pyelonephritis	5.6	2.5
Interstitial nephritis	1.4	0.0
Obstructive uropathy	8.5	4.9
Nephrosclerosis	7.0	9.9
Others/unknown	36.6	18.5
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	23.4 ± 3.7	26.6 ± 5.8	<0.001
Underweight, <18.5 kg/m^2 (%)	6.3	4.4
Normal weight, ≥18.5–<25 kg/m^2 (%)	61.9	30.9
Overweight, ≥25.1–<30 kg/m^2 (%)	28.6	44.1
Obese, ≥30 kg/m^2 (%)	3.2	20.6
Duration of dialysis (years)	3.2 ± 4.9	3.9 ± 3.7	0.321
Blood hemoglobin (mmol/L)	6.9 ± 0.7	7.0 ± 0.7	0.445
<6.5 mmol/L (%)	19.4	22.2
≥6.5 mmol/L (%)	80.6	77.8
Plasma albumin (g/L)	36.5 ± 3.9	34.1 ± 4.2	0.001
<36 g/L (%)	42.9	66.7
≥36 g/L (%)	57.1	33.3

Data are presented as mean ± SD or percent.

Table 2. The 2015 HD sample’s Short Form 36 scores compared to scores from an age and gender adjusted general Danish population.

Scales	2015 (n = 81)	General population (n = 4080)	p
Physical function	58.7 ± 26.0	76.7 ± 9.7	<0.001
Role limitation – physical	33.7 ± 37.9	68.8 ± 11.4	<0.001
Bodily pain	63.6 ± 31.8	77.1 ± 3.9	<0.001
General health	44.2 ± 22.4	68.0 ± 5.3	<0.001
Vitality	48.3 ± 26.5	68.2 ± 4.3	<0.001
Social function	73.8 ± 27.7	88.7 ± 4.0	<0.001
Role limitation – emotional	55.2 ± 40.9	78.7 ± 8.8	<0.001
Mental health	77.0 ± 22.4	82.1 ± 2.5	0.046
Physical component scale	37.4 ± 10.2	46.7 ± 10.2	<0.001
Mental component scale	49.1 ± 11.9	54.8 ± 1.5	<0.001

Data are presented as mean ± SD.

Table 3. HRQOL scores from the 2002 and 2015 samples.

	2002 (n = 71)	2015 (n = 81)	p
Short Form 36 scales
Physical function	52.1 ± 28.4	58.7 ± 26.0	0.137
Role limitation – physical	34.9 ± 39.3	33.7 ± 37.9	0.852
Bodily pain	70.1 ± 27.2	63.6 ± 31.8	0.184
General health	46.1 ± 20.5	44.2 ± 22.4	0.604
Vitality	50.4 ± 25.5	48.3 ± 26.5	0.615
Social function	76.6 ± 27.5	73.8 ± 27.7	0.529
Role limitation – emotional	55.9 ± 41.3	55.2 ± 40.9	0.920
Mental health	77.3 ± 19.2	77.0 ± 22.4	0.925
Physical component scale	36.5 ± 8.8	37.4 ± 10.2	0.588
Mental component scale	50.6 ± 10.3	49.1 ± 11.9	0.422
Disease specific scores
Symptoms and problems	74.4 ± 15.2	78.7 ± 13.6	0.073
Effect of kidney disease	64.1 ± 18.6	68.1 ± 19.9	0.209
Burden of kidney disease	38.4 ± 28.9	39.7 ± 25.8	0.775
Work status	17.9 ± 31.9	21.1 ± 32.9	0.553
Cognitive function	84.4 ± 19.3	85.0 ± 21.1	0.860
Quality of social interaction	81.6 ± 18.8	76.5 ± 18.1	0.092
Sexual function	73.6 ± 29.0	77.5 ± 30.2	0.674
Sleep	66.6 ± 25.8	64.1 ± 21.9	0.538
Social support	74.5 ± 31.4	82.0 ± 24.0	0.108
Dialysis staff encouragement	78.5 ± 22.0	82.6 ± 23.0	0.277
Overall health	60.0 ± 19.9	61.4 ± 21.9	0.464
Patient satisfaction	81.7 ± 20.0	82.7 ± 17.1	0.281
Kidney disease component scale	72.3 ± 13.7	73.8 ± 14.9	0.515

Data are presented as mean ± SD.

Table 4. Multivariate linear regression analyses of independent variables’ associations with physical component scale and mental component scale.

	Physical component scale				Mental component scale
	β	95% CI	SE	p	β	95% CI	SE	p
Year (2015 vs. 2002)	3.9	<−0.1; 7.9	2.0	0.051	−2.5	−7.6; 2.5	2.5	0.322
Age (years)	−0.1	−0.2; <0.1	0.1	0.208	0.1	<−0.1; 0.3	0.1	0.169
Gender (male vs. female)	3.4	−0.4; 7.2	1.9	0.075	2.7	−2.1; 7.6	2.4	0.263
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	−0.6	−1.0; −0.3	0.2	0.001	0.3	−0.2; 0.7	0.2	0.254
Educational level (three levels)	<−0.1	−2.3; 2.3	1.2	0.993	3.3	0.3; 6.3	1.5	0.030
Duration of dialysis (year)	0.4	−0.1; 0.8	0.2	0.110	0.6	<0.1; 1.1	0.3	0.042
Plasma albumin (g/L)	0.5	<0.1; 1.0	0.2	0.043	0.2	−0.4; 0.8	0.3	0.480

β-coefficient, 95% confidence interval, SE and p-value.