The influence of low calcium dialysate on left ventricular diastolic function in peritoneal dialysis patients

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients in two groups.

	Low-Ca group (n = 30)	Standard-Ca group (n = 30)	p Value^a
Age (years)	56.75 ± 10.21	54.15 ± 7.75	.651
Male (man/woman)	13/17	16/14	.442
Diabetes	5	8	.351
Systolic BP (mmgh)	145.70 ± 31.92	140.95 ± 16.10	.556
Diastolic BP (mmgh)	81.70 ± 15.41	83.30 ± 8.77	.689
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.97 ± 3.41	24.61 ± 2.51	.096
Hb (g/L)	108.70 ± 17.88	115.75 ± 21.33	.265
ALB (g/L)	34.95 ± 2.83	34.31 ± 5.12	.286
hs-CRP (mg/L)	6.91 ± 15.08	8.76 ± 12.43	.674
iPTH (pg/L)	33.21 ± 57.62	31.98 ± 52.27	.944
Ca (mmol/L)	2.40 ± 0.25	2.28 ± 0.25	.144
P (mmol/L)	1.89 ± 0.22	1.85 ± 0.46	.786
TC (mmol/L)	4.79 ± 1.25	4.67 ± 1.02	.741
TG (mmol/L)	2.21 ± 0.93	2.23 ± 1.48	.876
HDL (mmol/L)	0.96 ± 0.28	1.01 ± 0.24	.620
LDL (mmol/L)	2.30 ± 0.71	2.79 ± 0.83	.053
UV (L/d)	559 ± 256	534 ± 234	.815
UFV (L/24 h)	325 ± 115	365 ± 106	.759
RRF (mL/min)	10.30 ± 3.41	10.31 ± 3.19	.843
Total Kt/V urea/week	2.11 ± 0.35	2.08 ± 0.40	.425
Total CCr/week/L/1.73m^2	66.45 ± 25.78	64.54 ± 26.35	.784

Ca: calcium; Low Ca: 1.25 mmol/L; Standard Ca: 1.75 mmol/L; BP: blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; Hb: hemoglobin; hs-CRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein; ALB: serum albumin; P: phosphorus; PTH: parathyroid hormone; CHOL: cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; UV: urine volume; UFV: ultrafiltration volume; RRF: residual renal function; CCr: creatinine clearance.

a Standard dialysate versus low calcium dialysate.

Table 2. Echocardiographic findings in CAPD patients using standard or low calcium dialysate at baseline.

	Low-Ca group(n = 30)	Standard-Ca group(n = 30)	p Value^a
IVRT (ms)	77.50 ± 23.41	81.75 ± 33.87	.647
Emax (m/s)	0.78 ± 0.24	0.74 ± 0.26	.637
Amax (m/s)	0.95 ± 0.30	0.88 ± 0.22	.433
E/A	0.88 ± 0.35	0.90 ± 0.40	.900
MPI	5.29 ± 1.14	5.39 ± 1.34	.802
EF (%)	64.45 ± 4.03	64.55 ± 4.95	.945

Ca: calcium; Low Ca: 1.25 mmol/L; Standard Ca: 1.75 mmol/L; IVRT: isovolumic relaxation time; E_max: peak early diastolic velocity; A_max: peak late diastolic velocity; E/A_max: the ratio of peak early to peak late diastolic velocities; MPI: myocardial performance index; EF: ejection fraction.

a Standard dialysate versus low calcium dialysate.

Table 3. Clinical characteristics of patients between groups at 12-month follow-up.

	Low-Ca group (n = 30)	Standard-Ca group (n = 30)	p Value^a
Age (years)	57.75 ± 10.21	55.15 ± 7.75	.651
Male man/woman	13/17	16/14	.442
Diabetes	7	9	.771
Systolic BP (mmgh)	136.20 ± 12.78	134.40 ± 21.94	.556
Diastolic BP (mmgh)	79.70 ± 10.40	81.10 ± 13.93	.689
BMI (kg/m^2)	23.51 ± 2.63	23.33 ± 1.95	.867
Hb (g/L)	115.75 ± 20.43	107.40 ± 18.34	.256
ALB (g/L)	36.67 ± 5.89	35.68 ± 6.38	.613
hs-CRP (mg/L)	10.27 ± 12.93	7.92 ± 13.82	.581
iPTH (pg/L)	36.68 ± 47.27	33.70 ± 38.34	.831
Ca (mmol/L)	2.39 ± 0.26	2.51 ± 0.33	.211
P (mmol/L)	1.54 ± 0.39	1.68 ± 0.50	.326
TC (mmol/L)	4.61 ± 0.97	4.56 ± 1.06	.894
TG (mmol/L)	2.56 ± 1.03	2.13 ± 0.97	.340
HDL (mmol/L)	0.93 ± 0.27	0.98 ± 0.22	.574
LDL (mmol/L)	2.45 ± 0.78	2.61 ± 0.23	.523
UV(L/d)	446 ± 128	314 ± 132	.108
UFV (L/24 h)	568 ± 189	612 ± 216	.412
RRF (mL/min)	9.38 ± 3.17	5.64 ± 3.23	.001
Total Kt/V urea/week	2.01 ± 0.25	1.89 ± 0.4	.143
Total CCr/week/L/1.73m^2	62.35 ± 21.35	59.42 ± 30.12	.198

Ca: calcium; Low Ca: 1.25 mmol/L; Standard Ca: 1.75 mmol/L; BP: blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; Hb: hemoglobin; hs-CRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein; ALB: serum albumin; P: phosphorus; PTH: parathyroid hormone; CHOL: cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; UV: urine volume; UFV: ultrafiltration volume; RRF: residual renal function. CCr: creatinine clearance.

a Standard dialysate versus low calcium dialysate.

Table 4. Clinical characteristics changes between two groups.

	Low-Ca group (n = 30)	Standard-Ca group (n = 30)	p Value^a
New-occurred diabetes	2	1	.549
Systolic BP (mmgh)	22.70 ± 5.26	26.65 ± 14.89	.556
Diastolic BP (mmgh)	14.40 ± 2.62	9.90 ± 7.15	.689
BMI (kg/m^2)	1.14 ± 0.30	1.43 ± 0.24	.422
Hb (g/L)	22.45 ± 3.15	21.05 ± 3.13	.725
ALB (g/L)	5.22 ± 0.95	7.76 ± 1.37	.138
hs-CRP (mg/L)	2.31 ± 6.48	3.16 ± 6.35	.357
iPTH (pg/L)	23.46 ± 6.98	22.30 ± 10.79	.807
Ca (mmol/L)	0.34 ± 0.042	0.27 ± 0.053	.315
P (mmol/L)	0.38 ± 0.075	0.41 ± 0.073	.842
TC (mmol/L)	1.22 ± 0.24	0.96 ± 0.22	.453
TG (mmol/L)	4.18 ± 2.80	4.55 ± 2.81	.926
HDL (mmol/L)	0.36 ± 0.061	0.24 ± 0.047	.160
LDL (mmol/L)	0.79 ± 0.16	0.77 ± 0.11	.927
UV (L/d)	134 ± 62	145 ± 66	.343
UFV (L/24 h)	114 ± 75	129 ± 86	.153
RRF (mL/min)	1.02 ± 0.41	3.24 ± 1.03	.001
Total Kt/V urea/week	0.22 ± 0.032	0.42 ± 0.140	.024
Total CCr/week/L/1.73m^2	35.78 ± 14.58	40.16 ± 16.37	.108

Ca: calcium; Low Ca: 1.25 mmol/L; Standard Ca: 1.75 mmol/L; BP: blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; Hb: hemoglobin; hs-CRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein; ALB: serum albumin; P: phosphorus; PTH: parathyroid hormone; CHOL: cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; UV: urine volume; UFV: ultrafiltration volume; RRF: residual renal function. CCr: creatinine clearance.

a Standard dialysate versus low calcium dialysate.

Table 5. Echocardiographic findings in CAPD patients using standard or low calcium dialysate at baseline.

	Low-Ca group(n = 30)	Standard-Ca group(n = 30)	p Value^a
IVRT (ms)	87.25 ± 26.07	98.20 ± 25.64	.189
Emax (m/s)	0.71 ± 0.16	0.49 ± 0.20	.001
Amax (m/s)	1.00 ± 0.24	0.79 ± 0.27	.016
E/A	0.73 ± 0.20	0.69 ± 0.35	.630
MPI	7.75 ± 0.93	9.69 ± 2.71	.004
EF (%)	65.05 ± 3.45	65.80 ± 4.12	.537

Ca: calcium; Low Ca: 1.25 mmol/L; Standard Ca: 1.75 mmol/L; IVRT: isovolumic relaxation time; E_max: peak early diastolic velocity; A_max: peak late diastolic velocity; E/A_max: the ratio of peak early to peak late diastolic velocities; MPI: myocardial performance index; EF: ejection fraction.

a Standard dialysate versus low calcium dialysate.

Table 6. Changes of echocardiographic findings in CAPD patients using standard or low calcium dialysate at baseline.

	Low-Ca group(n = 30)	Standard-Ca group(n = 30)	p Value^a
IVRT (ms)	19.55 ± 3.27	22.55 ± 3.37	.527
Emax (m/s)	0.112 ± 0.032	0.263 ± 0.029	.001
Amax (m/s)	0.123 ± 0.018	0.226 ± 0.025	.045
E/A	0.273 ± 0.043	0.303 ± 0.051	.369
MPI	2.48 ± 0.32	4.30 ± 0.52	.005
EF (%)	1.90 ± 0.25	2.05 ± 0.24	.671

Ca: calcium; Low Ca: 1.25 mmol/L; Standard Ca: 1.75 mmol/L; IVRT: isovolumic relaxation time; E_max: peak early diastolic velocity; A_max: peak late diastolic velocity; E/A_max: the ratio of peak early to peak late diastolic velocities; MPI: myocardial performance index; EF: ejection fraction.

a Standard dialysate versus low calcium dialysate.