Recording blood pressure and eGFR in primary care after the Belgrade screening study

Figures & data

Table 1. Data on patients at the onset of the study.

	Health center
	1	2	3	4	p
Number of patients	82	86	142	150
Patient gender, males	29 (35.4)	29 (33.7)	48 (33.8)	76 (50.7)	.009
Patient age, years	63.2 ± 9.2	63.4 ± 8.6	62.9 ± 10.3	64.7 ± 10.7	.448
Number (%) of patients with DM	5 (6.1)	13 (15.1)	8 (5.6)	150 (100)	<.0001
Systolic BP, mmHg	140 ± 12.2	136 ± 12.9	139 ± 12.9	139 ± 14.9	.452
Diastolic BP, mmHg	82 ± 9.0	79 ± 8.6	83 ± 9.4	81 ± 8.7	.683
eGFR, ml/min/1.73m^2	71.0 ± 13.2	72.1 ± 12.3	71.2 ± 13.0	78.6 ± 16.9	<.0001
CKD KDOQI stage
1	7 (8.5)	16 (18.6)	12 (8.5)	43 (28.7)
2	60 (73.2)	51(59.3)	112 (78.9)	87 (58.0)	<.0001
3	15 (18.3)	19 (22.1)	18 (12.7)	20 (13.3)
Number of comorbidity
0	28 (47.5)	54 (72.0)	72 (50.1)	87 (58.0)
1	27 (45.8)	20 (26.7)	53 (37.3)	57 (38.0)	.014
≥2	4 (6.8)	1 (1.3)	17 (12.0)	6 (4.0)

p – statistical significance calculated by χ² test or ANOVA, as appropriate; Variable presented as number of patients (%) or mean ± standard deviation.

Table 2. Distribution of patients according to number of years with recorded blood pressure in the present three-year study depending on different variables examined.

	Number of years with registered blood pressure
Variable	0n (%)	1n (%)	2n (%)	3n (%)	Mean (SD)	p
Total	197 (42.8)	150 (32.6)	77 (16.7)	36 (7.8)	0.89 ± 0.95
Health Center
1	21 (25.6*)	39 (47.6)	13 (15.9)	9 (11.0)	1.1 ± 0.92	<.0001
2	15 (17.4)	33 (38.4)	22 (25.6)	16 (18.6)	1.45 ± 0.99
3	80 (56.3)	43 (30.2)	14 (9.9%)	5 (3.5)	0.61 ± 0.77
4	81 (54.0)	35 (23.3)	28 (18.7)	6 (4.0)	0.73 ± 0.93
Physicians
involving ≤15 patient	83 (41.7)	61 (30.6)	34 (17.1)	21 (10.6)	0.97 ± 1.01	.041
involving >15 patients	114 (43.7)	89 (34.1)	43 (16.5)	15 (5.7)	0.71 ± 0.87
Patients’ characteristics
Male	79 (43.4)	57 (31.3)	29 (15.9)	17 (9.3)	0.91 ± 0.98	.759
Female	118 (42.4)	93 (33.5)	48 (17.3)	19 (6.8)	0.88 ± 0.93
Age in categories
<40	6 (50.0)	4 (33.3)	2 (16.7)	0	0.67 ± 0.78	.860
40–59	49 (38.9)	44 (34.9)	24 (19.1)	9 (7.1)	0.95 ± 0.94
60–79	138 (44.4)	98 (31.6)	48 (15.5)	26 (8.4)	0.88 ± 0.96
≥80	4 (33.3)	4 (33.3)	3 (25.0)	1 (8.3)	1.09 ± 0.95
Blood pressure in initial study
≤140/80	133 (45.2)	97 (33.3)	42 (14.3)	22 (7.5)	0.84 ± 0.93	.241
>140/80	64 (38.6)	53 (31.9)	35 (21.1)	14 (8.4)	0.99 ± 0.97
ΣBP >140/80 mmHg**
0	30 (66.7)	8 (17.8)	5 (11.1)	2 (4.4)	0.53 ± 0.87	<.0001
1–2	146 (48.5)	124 (41.2)	18 (6.0)	13 (4.3)	0.73 ± 0.60
3–4	0	1 (2.0)	32 (64)	17 (34.0)	2.17 ± 0.44
Stage of chronic kidney disease (KDOQI)
1 (eGFR >90 ml/min/1.73m^2)	38 (48.7)	21 (26.9)	10 (12.8)	9 (11.5)	0.87 ± 1.04	.496
2 (eGFR 60–89 ml/min/1.73m^2)	129 (41.6)	104 (33.5)	53 (17.1)	24 (7.7)	0.91 ± 0.94
3 (eGFR 30–59 ml/min/1.73m^2)	30 (41.7)	25 (34.7)	14 (19.4)	3 (4.2)	0.86 ± 0.88
Diabetes						.096
No	110 (38.7)	103 (36.3)	47 (16.5)	24 (8.5)	0.95 ± 0.94
Yes	87 (49.4)	47 (26.7)	30 (17.0)	12 (6.8)	0.81 ± 0.95
ACEI use
No	135 (49.8)	69 (25.5)	45 (16.6)	22 (8.1)	0.83 ± 0.98	<.0001
Yes	62 (32.8)	81 (42.9)	32 (16.9)	14 (7.4)	0.99 ± 0.89
No of comorbidities
0	106 (44.0)	79 (32.8)	42 (17.4)	14 (5.8)	0.86 ± 0.91	.031
1	70 (44.6)	47 (29.9)	27 (17.2)	13 (8.3)	0.89 ± 0. 97
≥2	14 (50.0)	10 (35.7)	4 (14.3)	0	0.64 ± 0.98

p – according to chi-square test.

* Percentage within health center or group of subjects.

** Sum of years with recorded blood pressure (BP) >140/80 mmHg in the initial and present study.

Table 3. Distribution of patients according to number of years with recorded eGFR in the present three-year study depending on different variables examined.

Variable	Number of years with registered eGFR					p
	0 n (%)	1 n (%)	2 n (%)	3 n (%)	Mean (SD)
Total	169 (36.7)	161 (35.0)	110 (23.9)	20 (4.3)	0.96 ± 0.88
Health Center
1	43 (52.4)*	35 (42.7)	4 (4.9)	0	0.52 ± 0.59	<.0001
2	20 (23.3)	26 (30.2)	32 (37.2)	8 (9.3)	1.33 ± 0.94
3	46 (32.4)	48 (33.8)	46 (32.4%)	2 (1.4)	1.03 ± 0.84
4	60 (40.0)	52 (34.7)	28 (18.7)	10 (6.7)	0.92 ± 0.92
Physicians
involving <15 patient	70 (35.5)	60 (30.5)	52 (26.4)	15 (7.6)	0.97 ± 0.87	.311
involving ≥15 patients	99 (37.6)	101 (38.4)	58 (22.1)	5 (1.9)	0.89 ± 0.81
Patients’ characteristcs
Male	64 (35.2)	60 (33.0)	47 (25.8)	11 (6.0)	1.03 ± 0.93	.390
Female	105 (37.8)	101 (36.3)	63 (22.7)	9 (3.2)	0.91 ± 0.85
Age in categories
<40	5 (41.7)	4 (33.3)	3 (25.0)	0	0.83 ± 0.83	.810
40–59	50 (40.0)	41 (32.8)	31 (24.8)	3 (2.4)	0.90 ± 0.86
60–79	109 (35.3)	112 (36.1)	73 (23.5)	16 (5.2)	0.99 ± 0.89
≥80	5 (45.5)	4 (36.4)	1 (9.0)	1 (9.0)	0.82 ± 1.03
Stage of chronic kidney disease (KDOQI)
1 (eGFR >90 ml/min/1.73m^2)	32 (41.0)	19 (24.4)	21 (26.9)	6 (7.7)	1.01 ± 1.00	.166
2 (eGFR 60–89 ml/min/1.73m^2)	113 (36.5)	119 (38.4)	67 (21.6)	11 (3.5)	0.92 ± 0.85
3 (eGFR 30–59 ml/min/1.73m^2)	24 (33.3)	23 (31.9)	22 (30.6)	3 (4.2)	1.06 ± 0.90
ΣeGFR <60 ml/min/1.73m^2**
0	103 (33.6)	136 (44.3)	65 (21.2)	3 (1.0)	0.90 ± 0.86	<.0001
1–2	22 (23.6)	39 (41.9)	28 (30.1)	4 (4.3)	1.09 ± 0.85
3–4	0	0	5 (62.5)	3 (37.5)	1.9 ± 0.58
Diabetes
No	104 (36.6)	98 (34.5)	74 (26.1)	8 (2.8)	0.95 ± 0.86	.140
Yes	65 (36.9)	63 (35.8)	36 (20.5)	12 (6.8)	0.97 ± 0.92
ACEI use
No	104 (38.4)	99 (36.5)	53 (19.6.)	15 (5.5)	0.92 ± 0.89	.040
Yes	65 (34.4)	62 (32.8)	57 (30.2)	5 (2.6)	1.01 ± 0.76
No of comorbidities
0	98 (40.7)	82 (34.0)	57 (23.7)	4 (1.7)	0.86 ± 0.83	.011
1	54 (34.4)	54 (34.4)	37 (23.6)	12 (7.6)	1.04 ± 0.94
≥2	8 (28.6)	11 (39.3)	9 (32.1)	0	1.22 ± 0.79

p – according to chi-square test.

* percentage within primary health center or group of subjects.

** Sum of years with registered eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m² in the initial and present study.

Table 4. Percentage of patients with recorded blood pressure in medical records in three years studied.

	No	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3	p
Total		41.7 ± 46.4	31.3 ± 46.4	21.5 ± 41.1	<.0001
Health Center
1	82	42.6 ± 50.0	47.6 ± 50.3	22.0 ± 41.7	<.0001
2	86	54.7 ± 50.1	65.1 ± 47.9	24.4 ± 43.2
3	142	20.4 ± 40.5	21.1 ± 41.0	18.3 ± 38.8
4	150	45.3 ± 50.0	14.7 ± 33.4	21.5 ± 41.1
p			<.0001
Physicians
involving <15 patient	199	48.9 ± 50.1	30.9 ± 46.3	16.9 ± 37.6	<.0001
involving ≥15 patients	261	35.5 ± 47.9	24.8 ± 43.3	11.5 ± 32.0
			0.292
Patients’ characteristcs
Male	182	41.2 ± 49.4	27.5 ± 44.8	24.2 ± 42.9	<.0001
Female	278	37.4 ± 48.5	33.8 ± 47.4	19.8 ± 39.9
p			.393
Age in categories
<40 years	12	50.0 ± 52.2	14.4 ± 38.9	8.0 ± 28.7	<.0001
40–59 years	124	38.7 ± 48.9	37.9 ± 48.7	20.1 ± 40.9
60–79 years	302	39.1 ± 48.9	30.5 ± 46.1	22.2 ± 41.6
≥80 years	10	70.0 ± 48.3	30.0 ± 48.3	40.0 ± 51.6
p			.278
Blood pressure
≤140/80 mmHg	294	35.0 ± 47.8	30.3 ± 46.0	20.8 ± 40.6	<.0001
>140/80 mm Hg	166	45.8 ± 50.0	33.1 ± 47.2	22.9 ± 42.1
p			.476
ACEI use
Yes	189	56.0 ± 48.1	43.9 ± 50.0	19.6 ± 40.0	<.0001
No	271	40.9 ± 49.3	22.5 ± 41.8	22.9 ± 42,1
p			<.0001
eGFR
>90 ml/min/1.73m^2	78	32.3 ± 41.0	20.5 ± 40.6	14.4 ± 23.2	<.0001
60–89 ml/min/1.73m^2	310	38.2 ± 48.6	33.9 ± 47.4	16.6 ± 41.2
30–59 ml/min/1.73m^2	72	38.9 ± 49.1	31.9 ± 47.0	18.1 ± 38.7
p			.644
No of comorbidities
0	241	37.3 ± 48.4	27.8 ± 44.9	14.8 ± 34.2	.001
1	157	38.9 ± 48.9	22.5 ± 40.3	12.7 ± 32.3
≥2	28	33.5 ± 47.4	20.7 ± 41.2	11.0 ± 27.7
p			.330

p – according to one-way ANOVA with repeated measurements.

Table 5. Percentage of patients with recorded eGFR in medical records in three years studied.

	No	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3	p
Total		41.7 ± 49.4	36.5 ± 48.2	17.8 ± 38.3	<.0001
Health Center
1	82	27.8 ± 41.1	26.8 ± 44.6	19.7 ± 29.8	<.0001
2	86	49.8 ± 50.3	52.8 ± 48.6	21.9 ± 40.9
3	142	48.9 ± 49.3	42.8 ± 50.1	10.0 ± 29.9
4	150	52.7 ± 50.1	29.5 ± 49.4	22.0 ± 45.1
p			<.0001
Physicians
involving <15 patient	199	58.4 ± 49.4	30.3 ± 46.1	19.1 ± 39.4	<.0001
involving ≥15 patients	261	50.0 ± 50.1	31.1 ± 49.4	11.4 ± 29.2
p			.154
Patients’ characteristcs
Male	182	53.6 ± 49.9	35.7 ± 48.1	18.5 ± 41.9	<.0001
Female	278	50.2 ± 48.9	37.1 ± 48.4	14.8 ± 35.5
p			.772
Age in categories
<40 years	12	41.7 ± 51.5	25.0 ± 45.2	6.7 ± 28.9	<.0001
40–59 years	124	36.3 ± 48.3	36.3 ± 49.3	13.7 ± 34.5
60–79 years	302	45.4 ± 49.9	34.1 ± 48.1	20.2 ± 40.2
≥80 years	10	30.0 ± 48.3	30.0 ± 48.3	20.0 ± 42.2
p			.504
Blood pressure
≤140/80 mmHg	294	50.8 ± 49.2	35.8 ± 48.6	14.6 ± 35.4	<.0001
>140/80 mm Hg	166	53.3 ± 49.7	31.3 ± 47.7	18.5 ± 42.5
p			.466
ACEI use
Yes	189	60.2 ± 49.2	30.8 ± 50.1	10.1 ± 30.2	<.0001
No	271	49.8 ± 49.6	26.6 ± 44.3	13.9 ± 42.3
p			.047
eGFR
>90 ml/min/1.73m^2	78	50.0 ± 50.3	28.1 ± 42.4	13.5 ± 45.9	<.0001
60–89 ml/min/1.73m^2	310	51.4 ± 48.7	31.4 ± 48.7	15.2 ± 35.9
30–59 ml/min/1.73m^2	72	52.2 ± 50.3	37.1 ± 49.9	16.7 ± 37.5
p			.472
No of comorbidities
0	241	49.8 ± 49.1	35.7 ± 48.0	11.6 ± 32.1	<.0001
1	157	44.0 ± 49.8	28.9 ± 48.9	14.0 ± 40.9
≥2	28	42.8 ± 50.1	36.5 ± 49.0	14.7 ± 39.8
p			.281

p – according to one-way ANOVA with repeated measurements.

Table 6. Variables associated with number of years with recorded blood pressure and eGFR in medical records in three-year period examined (multivariate linear regression).

	Dependent variables
Independent variables	Number of years with recorded blood pressure B; beta; (95% CI); p	Number of years with recorded eGFR B; beta; (95% CI); p
Health Center	−0.20; −0.23; (−0.28 to −0.12); <.0001	−1.21; −1.74; (−1.64 to −0.78); <.0001
Patients’ characteristcs
Gender, male	−0.03; −0.01; (−0.21 to 0.15); .764	−0.11; −0.06; (−0.28 to 0.05); .177
Age, years	0.01; 0.07; (−0.002 to 0.015); .155	0.01; 0.58; (−0.003 to 0.013); .223
Systolic BP mmHg*	−0.01; −0.20; (−0.03 to −0.003); .017	−0.01; −0.17 (−0.02 to 0.00); .042
Diastolic BP mmHg*	−0.03; −0.30; (−0.05 to −0.15); <.0001
Hypertension	−1.30; −0.54; −1.47 to −1.13; <.0001
ΣeGFR <60 ml/min/1.73m^2**		0.12; 0.22; (0.06 to 0.43); <.0001

* BP in the initial study.

** Sum of years with recorded eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m² in the initial and present study.