Figures & data
Figure 1. Effects of potassium citrate (100, 150, 200, and 350 mg/mL) (p < .01) (A), T. officinale extract (1, 2, 4 and 8 mg/mL) (p < .001) (B), and taraxasterol (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 12.5 μg/mL) (p < .05) (C) on absorbance in synthetic urine specimen.
Figure 2. Effects of potassium citrate (100, 150, 200 and 350 mg/mL) (p < 0.01) (A), T. officinale extract (1, 2, 4 and 8 mg/mL) (B), and taraxasterol (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 12.5 μg/mL) (C) on %inhibition of nucleation of calcium oxalate crystallization in synthetic urine specimen.
Figure 3. Effects of taraxasterol (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 12.5 μg/mL), Taraxacum officinale extract (1, 2, 4 and 8 mg/mL) and potassium citrate (100, 150, 200 and 350 mg/mL) on number of CaOx crystals. *p < .05, **p < .01, and ***p < .001 different from control.
Figure 4. Light microscopic photographs of crystal formation in control group (A), presence of taraxasterol (B), Taraxacum officinale extract (C), and potassium citrate (D) (×400). COD: CaOx dihydrate (bipyramidal-shaped) and COM: CaOx monohydrate (oval-shaped).
Table 1. Effects of potassium citrate, aqueous extract of T. officinale and taraxasterol on the number and morphology of CaOx crystals (COM and COD) and the diameter of COD crystals.