The role of mitofilin in left ventricular hypertrophy in hemodialysis patients

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the HD patients and control group.

	Control group (n = 32)	HD patients (n = 98)	p
Age (years)	44 ± 8	51 ± 10	.282
Gender (male, %)	24 (75)	71 (72)	.136
BMI (kg/m^2)	21.2 ± 1.9	22.3 ± 2.7	.745
Dialysis vintage (months)	–	44.7 ± 11.0	–
SBP (mmHg)	115.4 ± 9.8	137.8 ± 12.9	<.001
DBP (mmHg)	72.0 ± 6.8	79.7 ± 9.5	.126
Kt/V	–	1.68 ± 0.45	–
URR	–	0.74 ± 0.06	–
Hemoglobin (g/L)	152.8 ± 10.1	114.5 ± 8.2	<.001
Platelet count (10^9/L)	165.0 (129.0–219.0)	150.0 (125.0–205.5)	.115
Albumin (g/L)	45.6 ± 2.6	41.8 ± 4.2	.256
TC (mmol/L)	4.6 ± 0.5	4.4 ± 0.8	.682
TG (mmol/L)	2.5 ± 0.8	2.6 ± 0.6	.145
ALP (u/L)	84.6 ± 10.5	66.9 ± 13.5	.207
Calcium (mmol/L)	2.3 ± 0.6	2.2 ± 0.9	.145
Phosphate (mmol/L)	1.6 ± 0.4	1.6 ± 0.8	.329
PTH (pg/mL)	41.5 (25.3–55.8)	244.6 (99.7–341.2)	<.001
CRP (mg/L)	4.5 (2.3–6.0)	2.0(1.0–5.0)	.388
LVMI	75.6 ± 10.4	132.6 ± 15.8	<.001

HD: hemodialysis; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; URR: urea clearance rate; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; PTH: parathyroid hormone; CRP: C-reactive protein; LVMI: left ventricular mass index.

Figure 1. Cardiac marker levels in the HD patients and control group. NT-proBNP: N-terminal proBNP; ET-1: endothelin-1; ANP: atrial natriuretic peptide; LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy. ##p < .01 vs. control group; **p < .01 vs. patients without LVH.

Table 2. Demographic and clinical parameters of HD patients with and without LVH.

	LVH (–) (n = 46)	LVH (+) (n = 52)	p
Age (years)	49 ± 12	53 ± 14	.422
≤40	10	10
41–59	22	24	.946
≥60	14	18
Gender (male, %)	30 (65)	41 (79)	.132
BMI (kg/m^2)	20.8 ± 3.9	23.3 ± 4.4	.476
Dialysis vintage (months)	36.9 ± 10.4	52.8 ± 12.9	<.001
SBP (mmHg)	131.6 ± 12.5	143.3 ± 10.8	.335
DBP (mmHg)	76.6 ± 4.8	83.3 ± 10.6	.242
Kt/V	1.72 ± 0.68	1.66 ± 0.29	.521
URR	0.78 ± 0.09	0.70 ± 0.04	.889
Hemoglobin (g/L)	118.0 ± 10.7	111.5 ± 7.8	.266
Platelet count (10^9/L)	162.0 (124.0–230.0)	136.5 (124.3–204.8)	.546
Albumin (g/L)	42.9 ± 3.8	40.5 ± 2.2	.452
TC (mmol/L)	4.8 ± 0.4	4.2 ± 0.6	.420
TG (mmol/L)	2.0 ± 0.6	2.8 ± 0.9	.361
ALP (u/L)	59.8 ± 14.3	78.5 ± 11.6	.095
Calcium (mmol/L)	2.2 ± 0.4	2.1 ± 0.8	.465
Phosphate (mmol/L)	1.5 ± 0.7	1.8 ± 0.4	.066
PTH (pg/mL)	262.7 (87.7–379.4)	233.1 (133.2–320.7)	.081
CRP (mg/L)	2.0 (1.0–5.0)	3.0 (1.0–6.0)	.760
LVMI	108.8 ± 10.2	144.8 ± 27.2	<.001
Erythropoietin (n, %)	18 (39%)	24 (46%)	.483
ACEI or ARB (n, %)	20 (43%)	25 (48%)	.648
β-blockers (n, %)	11 (24%)	16 (31%)	.448
Ca^2+ channel blockers (n, %)	17 (37%)	23 (44%)	.465

BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; URR: urea clearance rate; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; PTH: parathyroid hormone; CRP: C-reactive protein; LVMI: left ventricular mass index; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers.

Figure 2. mtDNA copy numbers and mitofilin protein levels in PBMCs from the control and HD groups. HD: hemodialysis; LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy; mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA; PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; ##p < .01 vs. control group; *p < .05 vs. patients without LVH; **p < .01 vs. patients without LVH.

Table 3. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyzes of the LVMI and variables in HD patients.

Variables	R	p
Age	–0.298	.567
BMI	–0.025	.757
Dialysis vintage	0.214	.268
SBP	–0.016	.568
DBP	–0.056	.729
Kt/V	–0.178	.297
URR	–0.142	.462
Hemoglobin	–0.056	.689
Platelet count	–0.012	.676
Albumin	–0.085	.826
TC	–0.148	.398
TG	–0.240	.082
ALP	–0.089	.326
Calcium	–0.336	.088
Phosphate	0.152	.329
PTH	–0.012	.828
CRP	–0.160	.621
NT-proBNP	0.526	<.001
ET-1	0.420	.001
ANP	0.587	<.001
mtDNA copy number	–0.322	.001
Mitofilin	–0.589	<.001
Variables	β	p
NT-proBNP	0.115	.022
ET-1	0.188	.039
ANP	0.278	.034
mtDNA copy number	–0.228	.028
Mitofilin	–0.313	.007

Adjusted R² = 0.599, p < .001. The independent variables used for multiple regression analysis were selected by univariate linear regression analysis (p < .1).

HD: hemodialysis; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; URR: urea clearance rate; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; PTH: parathyroid hormone; CRP: C-reactive protein; NT-proBNP: N-terminal proBNP; ET-1: endothelin-1; ANP: atrial natriuretic peptide; mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA; LVMI: left ventricular mass index.