Oxidative stress, NOx/l-arginine ratio and glutathione/glutathione S-transferase ratio as predictors of ‘sterile inflammation’ in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome type II

Figures & data

Table 1. Basic demographic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics in examined groups and in healthy controls.

	Cirrhosis with HRS type II	Cirrhosis	Healthy controls
Males/females	48/0	32/0	42/0
Age (years)	55.83 ± 12.41*	50.58 ± 11.08*	51.13 ± 23
AST/ALT	3.29 ± 1.72*	1.88 ± 0.63*	1.12 ± 0.21
Albumin (g/L)	24.78 ± 3.59*	29.75 ± 4.33*	40.28 ± 3.78
CRP (mg/L)	15.12 ± 4.39*	9.73 ± 2.51*	2.45 ± 0.64
Urea (mmol/L)	9.92 ± 1.90*	7.23 ± 2.40	3.41 ± 1.35
Creatinine (µmol/L)	167.76 ± 28.99*	89.85 ± 17.80	73.19 ± 15.59

The study included a total of 80 patients with cirrhosis and 42 healthy individuals. The results are presented as mean values with standard deviations using ANOVA test, post hoc analysis, Dunnett’s T3, and Tukey test.

* Statistically significant difference was acceptable at the risk level of p < .05.

Figure 1. The correlation between MDA and AST/ALT in the experimental groups (the correlation between examined parameters was determined by linear regression analysis and ‘goodness of fit’ analysis, as well as by the Pearson’s coefficient of linear correlation). MDA is expressed in µmol/L.

Figure 2. The correlation between MDA and CRP in experimental groups (the correlation between examined parameters was determined by linear regression analysis and ‘goodness of fit’ analysis, as well as using Pearson’s coefficient of linear correlation). MDA is expressed in µmol/L and CRP in mg/L.

Figure 3. The correlation between MDA and NO₂ + NO₃ in the experimental groups (the correlation between examined parameters was determined by a linear regression analysis and ‘goodness of fit’ analysis, as well as by Pearson’s coefficient of linear correlation). MDA and NO₂ + NO₃ are expressed in µmol/L.

Figure 4. The correlation between MDA and creatinine in the experimental groups (the correlation between examined parameters was determined by a linear regression analysis and ‘goodness of fit’ analysis, as well as by Pearson’s coefficient of linear correlation). MDA and creatinine are expressed in µmol/L.

Figure 5. Correlation of MDA and GSH in examined groups (the relationship between investigated parameters was determined by linear regression analysis and ‘goodness of fit’ analysis, as well as using Pearson’s coefficient of linear correlation). The MDA is expressed in µmol/L and glutathione is expressed in µmol/L.

Figure 6. Correlation of MDA and GST in examined groups (the relationship between examined parameters was determined using linear regression analysis and ‘goodness of fit’ analysis, as well as using Pearson’s coefficient of linear correlation). MDA is expressed in µmol/L and glutathione S-transferase is expressed in U/L.

Table 2. Parameters of oxidative stress and antioxidative defense in examined groups and in healthy controls.

	Cirrhosis with HRS type II	Cirrhosis	Healthy controls
MDA (µmol/L)	17.28 ± 4.34*	7.94 ± 3.05*	3.36 ± 0.76
GSH (µmol/L)	3.29 ± 1.24*	4.51 ± 1.60*	10.86 ± 1.85
GST (U/L)	9.19 ± 3.43*	12.21 ± 4.27*	26.41 ± 3.78

Determination of MDA plasma concentration was performed using the method of Ledwozyw et al. Determination of GSH plasma concentration was done using the method of Sedlak and Lindsay, and determination of GST plasma activity was performed by the method of Habig. The results are presented as mean values with standard deviations using ANOVA test, post hoc analysis, Dunnett’s T3, and Tukey’s test.

* Statistically significant difference was acceptable at the risk level of p < .05.

Figure 7. Correlation of MDA and arginine in examined groups (the relationship between examined parameters was determined using linear regression analysis and ‘goodness of fit’ analysis, as well as using Pearson’s coefficient of linear correlation). MDA is expressed in µmol/L. L-arginine was expressed in µmol/L.

Table 3. L-arginine and NO₂ + NO₃ in in examined groups and in healthy controls.

	Cirrhosis with HRS type II	Cirrhosis	Healthy controls
L-arginine (µmol/L)	52.36 ± 11.14*	79.28 ± 16.15*	97.26 ± 21.72
NO2 + NO3 (µmol/L)	173.79 ± 30.59*	142.95 ± 31.16*	61.19 ± 18.73

The determination of L-arginine level was performed by the use of HPLC method. NO₂ + NO₃ concentration was determined using the method of Navaro-Gonzalvez. The results are presented as mean values with standard deviations using ANOVA test, post hoc analysis, Dunnett’s T3, and Tukey’s test.

* Statistically significant difference was acceptable at the risk level of p < .05.