Monocyte counts are negatively associated with ankle-brachial index values in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease patients

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of NDD-CKD patients (N = 79).

Variable	Value
Age (years)	62.84 ± 12.09
Male sex (%)	63.33
DM (%)	26.67
HTN (%)	39.24
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.90 ± 1.11
eGFR by CKD-EPI equation (mL/min/1.73m^2)	38.15 ± 24.14
Total leukocyte count (/mm^3)	6494.94 ± 1796.57
Neutrophil count (/mm^3)	3651.27 ± 1340.11
Lymphocyte count (/mm^3)	2192.58 ± 770.71
Monocyte count (/mm^3)	535.70 ± 189.61
NTR	0.56 ± 0.09
LTR	0.34 ± 0.09
MTR	0.08 ± 0.02
NLR	1.42 ± 3.10
NMR	7.23 ± 2.50
LMR	4.43 ± 1.76
NLMR	1.47 ± 0.96
SBP (mmHg)	127.61 ± 16.79
DBP (mmHg)	71.97 ± 12.37
MAP (mmHg)	90.52 ± 12.09
PP (mmHg)	55.63 ± 14.97
Ca(mg/dL)	9.12 ± 0.52
P (mg/dL)	3.91 ± 0.92
CaxP product (mg^2/dL^2)	35.75 ± 12.65
PTH (pg/mL)	104.45 ± 106.56
Uric acid (mg/dL)	5.59 ± 1.83
LDLcholesterol (mg/dL)	83.15 ± 28.75
hs-CRP (mg/dL)	0.23 ± 0.11
ABI	1.08 ± 0.14

Data are expressed as mean ± SD or n (%).

NDD-CKD: non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease; DM: diabetes mellitus; HTN: hypertension; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; CKD-EPI: CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration; NTR: neutrophil-to-total leukocyte count ratio; LTR: lymphocyte-to-total leukocyte count ratio; MTR: monocyte-to-total leukocyte count ratio; NLR: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte count ratio; LMR: lymphocyte-to-monocyte count ratio; NMR: neutrophil-to-monocyte count ratio; NLMR: neutrophil-to-sum of lymphocyte and monocyte count ratio.

Table 2. Comparisons of variables by eGFR level (N = 100).

	Control (n = 21)	eGFR 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m^2 (n = 21)	eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m^2 (n = 58)
Age (years)	63.91 ± 3.56	61.19 ± 10.58	63.43 ± 12.62
Male:female	11:10	11:10	41:17**
DM:non-DM		3:18	19:39
Total leukocyte count (/mm^3)	4809.09 ± 1278.64	5871.43 ± 1518.60*	6773.68 ± 1818.71*
Neutrophil count (/mm^3)	2462.73 ± 817.83	3340.48 ± 1336.72*	3771.58 ± 1345.50*
Lymphocyte count (/mm^3)	1875.82 ± 403.82	1951.57 ± 387.82	2322.17 ± 798.87**
Monocyte count (/mm^3)	371.82 ± 158.80	476.67 ± 138.43	557.72 ± 203.54**
NTR	0.50 ± 0.06	0.55 ± 0.09	0.55 ± 0.09
LTR	0.40 ± 0.06	0.34 ± 0.07*	0.35 ± 0.08*
MTR	0.08 ± 0.02	0.08 ± 0.02	0.08 ± 0.02
NLR	1.31 ± 0.33	1.75 ± 0.71*	1.72 ± 0.75*
NMR	6.84 ± 1.44	7.23 ± 2.51	7.25 ± 2.55
LMR	5.51 ± 1.77	4.31 ± 1.17	4.60 ± 1.83
NLMR	1.09 ± 0.54	1.75 ± 0.71*	1.35 ± 0.49*
SBP (mmHg)	129.82 ± 10.97	124.10 ± 13.07	128.88 ± 17.88
DBP (mmHg)	81.64 ± 9.34	73.33 ± 8.03*	71.48 ± 13.63*
MAP (mmHg)	97.70 ± 9.50	90.25 ± 9.13*	91.44 ± 11.54*
PP (mmHg)	48.18 ± 6.00	50.76 ± 8.61	56.18 ± 13.62**
Ca(mg/dL)	9.11 ± 0.20	9.16 ± 0.33	9.11 ± 0.57
P (mg/dL)	3.71 ± 0.53	3.45 ± 0.46	4.07 ± 1.00***
CaxP product (mg^2/dL^2)	33.79 ± 4.84	31.64 ± 4.47	36.98 ± 8.75***
PTH (pg/mL)			104.45 ± 106.56
Uric acid (mg/dL)	4.85 ± 1.04	4.61 ± 1.25	5.94 ± 1.88**
LDLcholesterol (mg/dL)	81.36 ± 27.95	87.48 ± 33.11	81.56 ± 27.11
hs-CRP (mg/dL)	0.11 ± 0.16	0.13 ± 0.23	0.11 ± 0.13
ABI	1.12 ± 0.06	1.12 ± 0.06	1.07 ± 0.15**

*p < 0.05 vs control, **p < 0.05 vs control, eGFR 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m², ***p < 0.05 vs eGFR 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m².

ABI: ankle-brachial index; NDD-CKD: non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease; NTR: neutrophil-to-total leukocyte count ratio; LTR: lymphocyte-to-total leukocyte count ratio; MTR: monocyte-to-total leukocyte count ratio; NLR: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte count ratio; LMR: lymphocyte-to-monocyte count ratio; NMR: neutrophil-to-monocyte count ratio; NLMR: neutrophil-to-sum of lymphocyte and monocyte count ratio.

Table 3. Comparisons of variables by median ABI in NDD-CKD patients (N = 79).

	ABI ≥ 1.10 (n = 41)	ABI < 1.10 (n = 38)
Age (years)	61.83 ± 11.93	63.92 ± 12.31
Male:female	17:24	10:28
DM:non-DM	10:31	12:26
eGFR (mL/min/1.73m^2)	36.23 ± 25.18	34.65 ± 22.81
Total leukocyte count (/mm^3)	6267.50 ± 1575.35	6662.16 ± 1759.95
Neutrophil count (/mm^3)	3557.00 ± 1313.67	3625.14 ± 1137.67
Lymphocyte count (/mm^3)	2114.72 ± 557.67	2340.32 ± 877.92
Monocyte count (/mm^3)	484.75 ± 154.99	573.78 ± 189.64*
NTR	0.56 ± 0.09	0.54 ± 0.08
LTR	0.35 ± 0.08	0.35 ± 0.08
MTR	0.078 ± 0.021	0.089 ± 0.022*
NLR	1.67 ± 0.61	1.64 ± 0.59
NMR	7.73 ± 2.68	6.72 ± 2.28
LMR	4.75 ± 1.85	4.28 ± 1.44
NLMR	1.41 ± 0.55	1.31 ± 0.44
SBP (mmHg)	130.64 ± 14.86	124.50 ± 18.71
DBP (mmHg)	74.36 ± 9.23	70.98 ± 9.37
MAP (mmHg)	93.12 ± 10.12	88.83 ± 11.51
PP (mmHg)	56.28 ± 11.25	53.51 ± 13.87
Ca(mg/dL)	9.11 ± 0.47	9.13 ± 0.57
P (mg/dL)	3.90 ± 0.71	3.92 ± 1.12
CaxP product	35.49 ± 6.44	35.65 ± 9.78
PTH (pg/mL)	110.40 ± 112.67	99.09 ± 102.39
Uric acid (mg/dL)	5.49 ± 1.71	5.69 ± 1.96
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	79.49 ± 29.52	87.22 ± 27.69
hs-CRP (mg/dL)	0.13 ± 0.23	0.11 ± 0.13

The bold values represents as Statistically significant *p < 0.05 vs ABI ≥ 1.10. ABI: ankle-brachial index; NDD-CKD: non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease; NTR: Neutrophil-to-total leukocyte count ratio; LTR: lymphocyte-to-total leukocyte count ratio; MTR: monocyte-to-total leukocyte count ratio; NLR: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte count ratio; LMR: lymphocyte-to-monocyte count ratio; NMR: neutrophil-to-monocyte count ratio; NLMR: neutrophil-to-sum of lymphocyte and monocyte count ratio.

Figure 1. (A, B) Correlations between monocyte count, MTR, and ABI in NDD-CKD patients (N = 79).

Table 4. Multivariate linear regression analysis with ABI values as a dependent variable in NDD-CKD patients (N = 79).

	ABI
	β	SE	p Value
Monocyte count	−1.825	0.341	0.013
Age	−0.234	0.001	0.047
Sex	0.060	0.032	0.617
Presence of DM	−0.032	0.032	0.658
SBP	0.358	0.001	0.709
DBP	−0.048	0.001	0.718
MAP	−0.118	0.003	0.685
PP	−0.147	0.003	0.573
Ca x P product	−0.040	0.017	0.730
Uric acid	−0.040	0.008	0.719
LDL-cholesterol	−0.226	0.001	0.055
hs-CRP	0.154	0.031	0.291
Total leukocyte count	0.315	0.019	0.515
Neutrophil count	0.406	0.023	0.406
Lymphocyte count	0.096	0.009	0.754
NLR	0.046	0.021	0.920
NMR	−0.239	0.021	0.532
LMR	−0.118	0.021	0.690
NLMR	−0.047	0.089	0.941

Selected variables: age, sex, presence of DM, SBP, DBP, MAP, PP, CaxP product, uric acid, LDL-cholesterol, hs-CRP, total leukocyte, neutrophil, monocyte and lymphocyte count or NLR, NMR, LMR, and NLMR.

NLR: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte count ratio; LMR: lymphocyte-to-monocyte count ratio; NMR: neutrophil-to-monocyte count ratio; NLMR: neutrophil-to-sum of lymphocyte and monocyte count ratio.

Figure 2. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves of monocyte counts for predicting ABI < 1.10.