The 100 top-cited articles in diabetic kidney disease: a bibliometric analysis

Figures & data

Table 1. The top 100 cited articles in diabetic kidney disease.

Citation^a	Average citation^b	Funds^c	Institutes^d	Authors^e	First institute^f	Country^g	IF^h	References
4753	237.7	1	8	10	Brigham and Women's Hospital	USA	74.7	Brenner, B.M., et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patientswith type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. New England Journal of Medicine 345, 861–869(2001).
2249	112.5	2	5	6	Steno Diabetes Center	Denmark	74.7	Parving, H.H., et al. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathyin patients with type 2 diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine 345, 870–878 (2001).
1035	57.5	19	2	6	University of Oxford	England	8.9	Adler AI, et al. Development and progression of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes: the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS 64). Kidney Int. 2003;63:225–232.
775	59.6	1	6	5	Rigshospitalet	Denmark	74.7	Parving, H.H., et al. Aliskiren combined with losartan in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy.New England Journal of Medicine 358, 2433–2446 (2008).
762	42.3	2	6	264	Harvard Medical School	USA	45.5	Steffes, M.W., et al. Sustained effect of intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus ondevelopment and progression of diabetic nephropathy - The Epidemiology of DiabetesInterventions and Complications (EDIC) study. Jama-Journal of the American MedicalAssociation 290, 2159–2167 (2003).
745	49.7	7	2	4	Mount Sinai School of Medicine	USA	7.7	Susztak K, Raff AC, Schiffer M, et al. Glucose-induced reactive oxygen species cause apoptosis of podocytes and podocyte depletion at the onset of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes. 2006;55:225–233.
716	34.1	9	2	9	University of Pennsylvania	USA	9.4	Ziyadeh FN, et al. Long-term prevention of renal insufficiency, excess matrix gene expression, and glomerular mesangial matrix expansion by treatment with monoclonal antitransforming growth factor-beta antibody in db/db diabetic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000;97:8015–8020.
684	40.2	NA^i	8	10	University of Groningen	Netherlands	8.9	de Zeeuw, D., et al. Proteinuria, a target for renoprotection in patients with type 2 diabeticnephropathy: Lessons from RENAAL. Kidney International 65, 2309–2320 (2004).
613	87.6	4	5	11	University of Toronto	Canada	23.6	Cherney, D.Z.I., et al. Renal Hemodynamic Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2Inhibition in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Circulation 129, 587-597 (2014).
573	71.6	2	11	16	University of Pittsburgh	USA	74.7	Fried, L.F., et al. Combined Angiotensin Inhibition for the Treatment of DiabeticNephropathy. New England Journal of Medicine 369, 1892–1903 (2013).
572	30.1	2	2	4	University of Colorado	USA	8.9	Schrier RW, Estacio RO, Esler A, et al. Effects of aggressive blood pressure control in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients on albuminuria, retinopathy and strokes. Kidney Int. 2002;61:1086–1097.
571	51.9	NA	11	16	Leiden University	Netherlands	9.3	Tervaert TWC, et al. Pathologic classification of diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;21:556–563.
549	32.3	11	7	10	University of Groningen	Netherlands	23.6	de Zeeuw, D., et al. Albuminuria, a therapeutic target for cardiovascular protection in type2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. Circulation 110, 921–927 (2004).
539	41.5	11	3	5	Harvard Medical School	USA	9.3	Zeisberg EM, Potenta SE, Sugimoto H, et al. Fibroblasts in kidney fibrosis emerge via endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;19:2282–2287.
524	37.4	2	3	7	Beckman Research Institute	USA	9.4	Kato, M., et al. MicroRNA-192 in diabetic kidney glomeruli and its function in TGF-betainducedcollagen expression via inhibition of E-box repressors. Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104, 3432–3437 (2007).
514	51.4	5	4	6	University of Washington	USA	45.5	de Boer IH, et al. Temporal trends in the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease in the United States. JAMA. 2011;305:2532–2539.
505	50.5	1	11	12	Hannover Medical School	Germany	74.7	Haller H, et al. Olmesartan for the delay or prevention of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:907–917.
504	28.0	4	4	6	Joslin Diabetes Center	USA	74.7	Perkins, B.A., et al. Regression of microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes. New EnglandJournal of Medicine 348, 2285-2293 (2003).
495	61.9	1	13	20	University of Groningen	Netherlands	74.7	de Zeeuw, D., et al. Bardoxolone Methyl in Type 2 Diabetes and Stage 4 Chronic KidneyDisease. New England Journal of Medicine 369, 2492–2503 (2013).
489	44.5	1	7	11	University of Groningen	Netherlands	60.4	de Zeeuw, D., et al. Selective vitamin D receptor activation with paricalcitol for reduction of albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes (VITAL study): a randomised controlledtrial. Lancet 376, 1543–1551 (2010).
441	24.5	5	4	18	Columbia University	USA	3.5	Wendt TM, et al. RAGE drives the development of glomerulosclerosis and implicates podocyte activation in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Am J Pathol. 2003;162:1123–1137.
433	36.1	2	4	12	Beckman Research Institute	USA	20.0	Kato, M., et al. TGF-beta activates Akt kinase through a microRNA-dependent amplifyingcircuit targeting PTEN. Nature Cell Biology 11, 881-U263 (2009).
393	19.7	3	5	12	Kanazawa University	Japan	11.9	Yamamoto Y, et al. Development and prevention of advanced diabetic nephropathy in RAGE-overexpressing mice. J Clin Invest. 2001;108:261–268.
389	24.3	8	2	7	University of Texas	USA	4.2	Gorin Y, et al. Nox4 NAD(P)H oxidase mediates hypertrophy and fibronectin expression in the diabetic kidney. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:39616–39626.
377	94.3	2	6	9	KfH Kidney Center	Germany	74.7	Mann, J.F.E., et al. Liraglutide and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. New EnglandJournal of Medicine 377, 839–848 (2017).
371	53.0	NA	14	15	University of Washington	USA	16.0	Tuttle, K.R., et al. Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Report From an ADA ConsensusConference. Diabetes Care 37, 2864-2883 (2014).
364	18.2	1	3	6	Ghent University	Belgium	9.3	De Vriese A, et al. Antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor improve early renal dysfunction in experimental diabetes. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2001;12:993–1000.
356	17.0	3	4	12	Shiga University of Medical Science	Japan	5.0	Koya D, et al. Amelioration of accelerated diabetic mesangial expansion by treatment with a PKC beta inhibitor in diabetic db/db mice, a rodent model for type 2 diabetes. FASEB J. 2000;14:439–447.
356	29.7	9	5	11	University of Helsinki	Finland	7.7	Groop PH, et al. The presence and severity of chronic kidney disease predicts all-cause mortality in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2009;58:1651–1658.
352	20.7	6	7	14	Keio University	Japan	11.9	Ichihara, A., et al. Inhibition of diabetic nephropathy by a decoy peptide corresponding tothe "handle'' region for nonproteolytic activation of prorenin. Journal of Clinical Investigation 114, 1128-1135 (2004).
350	19.4	1	9	11	University of Minnesota	USA	8.9	Keane, W.F., et al. The risk of developing end-stage renal disease in patients with type 2diabetes and nephropathy: The RENAAL Study. Kidney International 63, 1499-1507(2003).
348	16.6	NA	5	9	Columbia University	USA	9.3	Tanji N, et al. Expression of advanced glycation end products and their cellular receptor RAGE in diabetic nephropathy and nondiabetic renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2000;11:1656–1666.
347	20.4	2	1	5	Monash Medical Centre	Australia	8.9	Chow F, Ozols E, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, et al. Macrophages in mouse type 2 diabetic nephropathy: correlation with diabetic state and progressive renal injury. Kidney Int. 2004;65:116–128.
344	34.4	5	10	17	University of Michigan	USA	11.9	Inoki K, et al. mTORC1 activation in podocytes is a critical step in the development of diabetic nephropathy in mice. J Clin Invest. 2011;121:2181–2196.
335	41.9	1	8	10	Royal Victoria Hospital and McGill University	Canada	5.9	Yale, J.F., et al. Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in subjects with type 2 diabetes andchronic kidney disease. Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism 15, 463-473 (2013).
329	18.3	1	3	4	Mito Red Cross Hospital	Japan	7.7	Sato A, Hayashi K, Naruse M, et al. Effectiveness of aldosterone blockade in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Hypertension. 2003;41:64–68.
324	32.4	10	15	23	University Hospital Freiburg	Germany	11.9	Godel M, et al. Role of mTOR in podocyte function and diabetic nephropathy in humans and mice. J Clin Invest. 2011;121:2197–2209.
317	15.9	1	3	10	University of Melbourne	Australia	11.9	Oldfield, M.D., et al. Advanced glycation end products cause epithelial-myofibroblasttransdifferentiation via the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Journalof Clinical Investigation 108, 1853-1863 (2001).
314	16.5	4	1	5	University of Tokyo	Japan	8.9	Onozato ML, Tojo A, Goto A, et al. Oxidative stress and nitric oxide synthase in rat diabetic nephropathy: effects of ACEI and ARB. Kidney Int. 2002;61:186–194.
311	31.1	3	4	7	University of Arizona	USA	7.7	Zheng HT, et al. Therapeutic potential of Nrf2 activators in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes. 2011;60:3055–3066.
310	17.2	2	15	17	University of Colorado	USA	21.3	Berl T, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes in the irbesartan diabetic nephropathy trial of patients with type 2 diabetes and overt nephropathy. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:542–549.
308	20.5	2	3	6	Monash Medical Centre	Australia	8.9	Chow FY, et al. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 promotes the development of diabetic renal injury in streptozotocin-treated mice. Kidney Int. 2006;69:73–80.
307	14.6	1	2	7	Henry Ford Hospital	USA	9.3	Riser BL, et al. Regulation of connective tissue growth factor activity in cultured rat mesangial cells and its expression in experimental diabetic glomerulosclerosis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2000;11:25–38.
306	20.4	2	6	5	Steno Diabetes Center	Denmark	8.9	Parving, H.H., et al. Prevalence and risk factors for microalbuminuria in a referred cohortof type II diabetic patients: A global perspective. Kidney International 69, 2057–2063(2006).
306	18.0	1	11	13	University of Virginia Health System	USA	3.4	Bolton WK, et al. Randomized trial of an inhibitor of formation of advanced glycation end products in diabetic nephropathy. Am J Nephrol. 2004;24:32–40.
295	14.8	2	1	4	University of Minnesota	USA	8.9	Steffes, M.W., Schmidt, D., McCrery, R., Basgen, J.M. & Int Diabet Nephropathy Study,G. Glomerular cell number in normal subjects and in type 1 diabetic patients. KidneyInternational 59, 2104–2113 (2001).
293	22.5	3	1	7	The University of Chicago	USA	5.0	Wang Q, et al. MicroRNA-377 is up-regulated and can lead to increased fibronectin production in diabetic nephropathy. FASEB J. 2008;22:4126–4135.
290	18.1	12	7	8	Case Western Reserve University	USA	7.7	Genuth S, et al. Glycation and carboxymethyllysine levels in skin collagen predict the risk of future 10-year progression of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy in the diabetes control and complications trial and epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications participants with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2005;54:3103–3111.
285	25.9	1	6	7	Schwabing General Hospital	Germany	9.3	Mann, J.F.E., et al. Avosentan for Overt Diabetic Nephropathy. Journal of the AmericanSociety of Nephrology 21, 527-535 (2010).
283	18.9	8	4	14	University of Munich	Germany	7.7	Schmid H, et al. Modular activation of nuclear factor-kappa B transcriptional programs in human diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes. 2006;55:2993–3003.
282	14.8	4	2	7	Kurume University	Japan	4.2	Yamagishi S, et al. Advanced glycation end product-induced apoptosis and overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in human-cultured mesangial cells. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:20309–20315.
270	19.3	5	10	18	University of Heidelberg	Germany	36.1	Isermann B, et al. Activated protein C protects against diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting endothelial and podocyte apoptosis. Nat Med. 2007;13:1349–1358.
269	22.4	7	4	14	Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute	Australia	9.3	Coughlan, M.T., et al. RAGE-induced Cytosolic ROS Promote Mitochondrial SuperoxideGeneration in Diabetes. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 20, 742-752(2009).
267	19.1	4	5	10	University of Florida	USA	9.3	Nakagawa T, et al. Diabetic endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout mice develop advanced diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18:539–550.
266	20.5	2	3	7	Albert Einstein College of Medicine	USA	36.1	Niranjan T, et al. The Notch pathway in podocytes plays a role in the development of glomerular disease. Nat Med. 2008;14:290–298.
266	16.6	6	4	12	University of Helsinki	Finland	16.0	Thorn LM, et al. Metabolic syndrome in type 1 diabetes – association with diabetic nephropathy and glycemic control (the FinnDiane study). Diabetes Care. 2005;28:2019–2024.
264	15.5	2	2	9	Universidad Austral Bueras	Chile	4.5	Mezzano S, et al. NF-kappa B activation and overexpression of regulated genes in human diabetic nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004;19:2505–2512.
263	23.9	2	1	6	Cardiff University	England	9.3	Krupa A, et al. Loss of microRNA-192 promotes fibrogenesis in diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;21:438–447.
263	14.6	2	1	5	University of Essex	England	7.7	Babaei-Jadidi R, Karachalias N, Ahmed N, et al. Prevention of incipient diabetic nephropathy by high-dose thiamine and benfotiamine. Diabetes. 2003;52:2110–2120.
262	32.8	14	12	24	University of California San Diego	USA	9.3	Sharma K, et al. Metabolomics reveals signature of mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;24:1901–1912.
262	26.2	3	5	6	Albert Einstein College of Medicine	USA	7.7	Woroniecka KI, et al. Transcriptome analysis of human diabetic kidney disease. Diabetes. 2011;60:2354–2369.
260	14.4	6	3	7	University of Turin	Italy	7.7	Doublier S, et al. Nephrin expression is reduced in human diabetic nephropathy – evidence for a distinct role for glycated albumin and angiotensin II. Diabetes. 2003;52:1023–1030.
258	21.5	5	3	6	University of Pittsburgh	USA	9.3	Dai CS, et al. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling promotes podocyte dysfunction and albuminuria. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;20:1997–2008.
256	16.0	NA	11	11	Monash Medical Centre	Australia	6.6	Atkins RC, et al. Proteinuria reduction and progression to renal failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and overt nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005;45, 281–287.
253	18.1	4	5	7	Joslin Diabetes Center	USA	9.3	Perkins, B.A., et al. Microalbuminuria and the risk for early progressive renal functiondecline in type 1 diabetes. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 18, 1353-1361(2007).
253	15.8	NA	3	10	Kawasaki Medical School	Japan	3.1	Satoh M, et al. NAD(P)H oxidase and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase are major sources of glomerular superoxide in rats with experimental diabetic nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2005;288:F1144–F1152.
251	12.0	5	5	15	Kanazawa University	Japan	8.9	Wada T, et al. Up-regulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in tubulointerstitial lesions of human diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int. 2000;58:1492–1499.
251	22.8	3	2	11	University of Ottawa	Canada	3.1	Sedeek M, et al. Critical role of Nox4-based NADPH oxidase in glucose-induced oxidative stress in the kidney: implications in type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2010;299:F1348–F1358.
250	13.9	2	2	7	University of Melbourne	Australia	7.7	Tikellis, C., et al. Characterization of renal angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in diabeticnephropathy. Hypertension 41, 392-397 (2003).
249	22.6	4	3	6	University of Arizona	USA	7.7	Jiang T, et al. The protective role of Nrf2 in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes. 2010;59:850–860.
249	27.7	2	5	9	Baylor College of Medicine	USA	21.6	Wang WJ, et al. Mitochondrial fission triggered by hyperglycemia is mediated by ROCK1 activation in podocytes and endothelial cells. Cell Metab. 2012;15:186–200.
249	22.6	4	8	20	University of Bristol	England	21.6	Welsh GI, et al. Insulin signaling to the glomerular podocyte is critical for normal kidney function. Cell Metab. 2010;12:329–340.
249	15.6	2	18	19	Cleveland Clinic Foundation	USA	9.3	Pohl MA, et al. Independent and additive impact of blood pressure control and angiotensin II receptor blockade on renal outcomes in the Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial: clinical implications and limitations. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005;16:3027–3037.
243	48.6	8	5	7	University of Washington	USA	45.5	Afkarian M, et al. Clinical manifestations of kidney disease among US adults with diabetes, 1988–2014. JAMA. 2016;316:602–610.
242	13.4	5	2	10	Kumamoto University School of Medicine	Japan	7.7	Kiritoshi S, et al. Reactive oxygen species from mitochondria induce cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression in human mesangial cells – potential role in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes. 2003;52:2570–2577.
240	13.3	4	2	8	Steno Diabetes Center	Denmark	16.0	Hovind, P., et al. Decreasing incidence of severe diabetic microangiopathy in type 1diabetes. Diabetes Care 26, 1258-1264 (2003).
239	12.6	13	5	6	Aarhus University Hospital	Denmark	7.7	Flyvbjerg A, et al. Amelioration of long-term renal changes in obese type 2 diabetic mice by a neutralizing vascular endothelial growth factor antibody. Diabetes. 2002;51:3090–3094.
239	26.6	10	6	12	Joslin Diabetes Center	USA	9.3	Niewczas MA, et al. Circulating TNF receptors 1 and 2 predict ESRD in type 2 diabetes. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012;23:507–515.
238	18.3	3	1	6	University of Pittsburgh	USA	3.5	Li YJ, et al. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is a potential pathway leading to podocyte dysfunction and proteinuria. Am J Pathol. 2008;172:299–308.
238	23.8	4	2	11	JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetes Complications	Australia	7.7	Wang, B., et al. miR-200a Prevents Renal Fibrogenesis Through Repression of TGF-beta2 Expression. Diabetes 60, 280-287 (2011).
237	26.3	2	4	6	Beckman Research Institute	USA	9.3	Putta, S., et al. Inhibiting MicroRNA-192 Ameliorates Renal Fibrosis in DiabeticNephropathy. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 23, 458–469 (2012).
237	16.9	1	7	11	University of Groningen	Netherlands	9.3	Eijkelkamp, W.B.A., et al. Albuminuria is a target for renoprotective therapy independentfrom blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: Post hoc analysis fromthe Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan(RENAAL) trial. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 18, 1540-1546 (2007).
237	39.5	1	15	15	The University of Chicago	USA	45.5	Bakris, G.L., et al. Effect of Finerenone on Albuminuria in Patients With DiabeticNephropathy A Randomized Clinical Trial. Jama-Journal of the American MedicalAssociation 314, 884–894 (2015).
236	18.2	4	3	10	Baker Medical Research Institute	Australia	7.7	Thallas-Bonke, V., et al. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase prevents advanced glycation endproduct-mediated damage in diabetic nephropathy through a protein kinase C-alphadependentpathway. Diabetes 57, 460-469 (2008).
236	19.7	3	3	5	University of Texas	USA	9.3	Mehdi UF, Adams-Huet B, Raskin P, et al. Addition of angiotensin receptor blockade or mineralocorticoid antagonism to maximal angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;20:2641–2650.
236	13.1	NA	4	3	Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System	USA	16.0	Young BA, Maynard C, Boyko EJ. Racial differences in diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in a national population of veterans. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:2392–2399.
235	33.6	7	5	9	University of California San Diego	USA	3.1	Vallon, V., et al. SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin reduces renal growth and albuminuria inproportion to hyperglycemia and prevents glomerular hyperfiltration in diabetic Akitamice. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 306, F194-F204 (2014).
233	23.3	1	1	2	University of Madras	India	4.4	Palsamy P, Subramanian S. Resveratrol protects diabetic kidney by attenuating hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress and renal inflammatory cytokines via Nrf2-Keap1 signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2011;1812:719–731.
233	15.5	4	2	8	Vanderbilt University	USA	9.3	Zhao HJ, et al. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase deficiency produces accelerated nephropathy in diabetic mice. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;17:2664–2669.
232	17.8	1	6	14	Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research	USA	7.7	Feldman DL, et al. Effects of aliskiren on blood pressure, albuminuria, and (pro)renin receptor expression in diabetic TG(mRen-2)27 rats. Hypertension. 2008;52:130–136.
229	12.7	3	1	10	Okayama University	Japan	7.7	Okada S, et al. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1-deficient mice are resistant against renal injury after induction of diabetes. Diabetes. 2003;52:2586–2593.
229	10.9	NA	3	7	Misato Junshin Hospital	Japan	4.5	Nakamura T, et al. Urinary excretion of podocytes in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2000;15:1379–1383.
226	14.1	6	3	7	University of Tokyo	Japan	8.9	Asaba K, et al. Effects of NADPH oxidase inhibitor in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int. 2005;67:1890–1898.
224	22.4	2	2	4	Kanazawa Medical University	Japan	7.7	Kitada M, Kume S, Imaizumi N, et al. Resveratrol improves oxidative stress and protects against diabetic nephropathy through normalization of Mn-SOD dysfunction in AMPK/SIRT1-independent pathway. Diabetes. 2011;60:634–643.
223	27.9	14	5	9	The Chinese University of Hong Kong	China	7.5	Zhong X, et al. miR-21 is a key therapeutic target for renal injury in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2013;56:663–674.
223	11.7	3	2	11	University of Melbourne	Australia	7.7	Forbes, J.M., et al. Reduction of the accumulation of advanced glycation end products byACE inhibition in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 51, 3274–3282 (2002).
222	11.7	1	2	5	Soon Chun Hyang University	South Korea	9.3	Ha HJ, Yu MR, Choi YJ, et al. Role of high glucose-induced nuclear factor-kappa B activation in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression by mesangial cells. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13:9.
221	22.1	2	1	13	Okayama University	Japan	7.5	Kodera, R., et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist ameliorates renal injurythrough its anti-inflammatory action without lowering blood glucose level in a rat modelof type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 54, 965–978 (2011).
221	12.3	15	3	5	Biomedical Center	Sweden	7.5	Palm F, Cederberg J, Hansell P, et al. Reactive oxygen species cause diabetes-induced decrease in renal oxygen tension. Diabetologia. 2003;46:1153–1160.
220	14.7	5	6	11	Keio University	Japan	9.3	Ichihara, A., et al. Prorenin receptor blockade inhibits development of glomerulosclerosisin diabetic angiotensin II type 1a receptor-deficient mice. Journal of the American Societyof Nephrology 17, 1950–1961 (2006).

^a The number of total citations in the Web of Science Core Collection updated to December 2020.

^b The average citations adjusted by publication year.

^c The number of grants/funds received.

^d The number of institutes involved.

^e The number of authors.

^f The country of the first author.

^g The institute of the first author.

^h Journal impact factor (Journal Citation Reports™ 2020) where the article was published.

ⁱ NA: not available.

Figure 1. The publication year distribution of the 100 top-cited articles.

Figure 2. The journal distribution of the 100 top-cited articles.

Figure 3. The country distribution of the 100 top-cited articles.

Figure 4. The network map of countries which coauthored five or more articles.

Figure 5. The institutions of two or more articles in the 100 top-cited articles.

Figure 6. The network map of institutions which coauthored five or more articles.

Table 2. The authors of two or more articles as first author or of five or more as coauthor.

	Frequency
Author name	As first author	As coauthor
de Zeeuw	4 [26,28,31,32]^a	3 [23,35,46]
Parving	3 [7,24,37]	7 [23,26,28,31,32,43,46]
Steffes	2 [25,38]	0
Kato	2 [29,33]	1 [45]
Mann	2 [12,39]	0
Perkins	2 [30,41]	1 [27]
Ichihara	2 [34,51]	0
Cooper	0	10 [23,28,36,40,42,44,46–48,50]
Remuzzi	0	8 [23,26,28,31,32,37,46,47]
Shahinfar	0	5 [23,26,28,35,46]

^a The sequence number of corresponding references.

Table 3. Classification of the 100 top-cited articles based on type of study.

Type of Study	Frequency
In vivo study (animal)	30
Observational study^a	24
Randomized controlled trial^a	21
In vivo (animal) and in vitro study	20
In vitro study	3
Single arm study^a	2

^a Subtype of clinical study involved in human subjects.

Table 4. The top 10 most frequent keywords of the top-cited articles.

Rank	Keywords	Frequency
1	Renal-disease	42
2	TGF-beta^a	24
3	Diabetic nephropathy	21
4	Oxidative stress	20
5	Diabetes mellitus	19
6	Proteinuria	17
7	Converting enzyme-inhibition	13
8	Albuminuria	13
9	Angiotensin-ii	12
10	Hypertension	12
11	Progression	12

^a Transforming growth factor-β.

de Zeeuw D, Remuzzi G, Parving HH, et al. Proteinuria, a target for renoprotection in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: lessons from RENAAL. Kidney Int. 2004;65(6):2309–2320.

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