Urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein variation as a predictive value of short-term mortality in intensive care unit patients

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow chart of patient selection. ICU: intensive care unit.

Table 1. Baseline characteristics.

Parameters	Decreased group (n = 9)	Unchanged group (n = 63)	Increased group (n = 7)	p-Value
Age, years	72.8 ± 11.0	62.4 ± 19.4	67.4 ± 17.6	0.29
Male, n (%)	7 (77.8%)	41 (65.1%)	3 (42.9%)	0.34
Height, m	1.7 ± 0.1	1.6 ± 0.1	1.6 ± 0.1	0.37
Weight, kg	57.7 ± 11.9	58.2 ± 12.0	61.6 ± 27.5	0.83
Body mass index, kg/m^2	21.0 ± 3.4	22.1 ± 3.8	23.4 ± 7.9	0.66
Primary disease				0.84
Cardiovascular, n (%)	2 (22.2%)	9 (14.3%)	0 (0%)
Respiratory, n (%)	1 (11.1%)	6 (9.5%)	0 (0%)
Digestive, n (%)	1 (11.1%)	1 (1.6%)	0 (0%)
Neurological, n (%)	0 (0%)	9 (14.3%)	1 (14.3%)
Metabolic, n (%)	0 (0%)	5 (7.9%)	0 (0%)
Sepsis, n (%)	1 (11.1%)	3 (4.8%)	3 (42.9%)
Abnormal body temperature, n (%)	3 (33.3%)	5 (7.9%)	2 (28.6%)
Cardiac arrest, n (%)	1 (11.1%)	8 (12.7%)	1 (14.3%)
Trauma, n (%)	0 (0%)	4 (6.3%)	0 (0%)
Other, n (%)	0 (0%)	13 (20.6%)	0 (0%)
Charlson comorbidity index	0.7 ± 1.3	1.2 ± 1.5	0.4 ± 0.8	0.26
Blood biochemistry on admission
CRP, mg/dl	0.3 (2.0)	0.4 (3.8)	0 (6.2)	0.35
Alb, mg/dl	3.4 ± 1.0	3.4 ± 0.8	3.3 ± 0.7	0.89
BUN, mg/dl	23.0 (10.5)	18.0 (12.8)	18.0 (13.3)	0.28
Cr, mg/dl	1.2 (0.8)	1.0 (0.7)	1.5 (1.2)	0.21
Lactate, mmol/l	1.8 (2.7)	2.8 (3.2)	4.7 (2.1)	0.14
Blood count
WBC, ×10^3/mm^3	11.7 ± 3.6	12.5 ± 8.2	7.5 ± 4.4	0.11
Hb, g/dl	12.0 ± 3.6	12.4 ± 3.1	12.4 ± 1.3	0.89
APACHE II score	19.8 ± 8.2	18.2 ± 7.1	25.1 ± 8.5	0.07
AKI, n (%)	5 (55.6)	33 (52.4)	5 (71.4)	0.63
Outcome
Length of ICU stay, n (day)	4.0 (6.3)	5.0 (8.0)	6.0 (7.5)	0.76
14 day mortality, n (%)	0 (0%)	10 (15.9%)	4 (57.1%)	0.01
28 day mortality, n (%)	0 (0%)	10 (15.9%)	4 (57.1%)	0.01

Table 2. Results of urinary L-FABP at admission and 6 h later.

Judgment	6 h later (n = 79)
	Negative (n = 61)	Weakly positive (n = 8)	Strongly positive (n = 10)
At admission (n = 79)
Negative (n = 59)	53	5	1
Weakly positive (n = 10)	7	2	1
Strongly positive (n = 10)	1	1	8

AKI: acute kidney injury; Alb: albumin; APACHE: acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; Cr: creatinine; CRP: C-reactive protein; Hb: hemoglobin; ICU: intensive care unit; WBC: white blood cell.

Table 3. Univariate analysis.

Parameters	Odds ratio	95% CI	p-Value
Age	1.020	0.985–1.056	0.28
Male	2.292	0.582–9.027	0.24
Height	2.654	0.008–854.273	0.74
Weight	1.008	0.967–1.050	0.72
Body mass index	1.019	0.891–1.165	0.79
Primary disease	1.005	0.830–1.217	0.96
Charlson comorbidity index	1.113	0.776–1.598	0.56
CRP/Alb	1.033	0.885–1.205	0.68
BUN	1.005	0.986–1.024	0.63
Cr	1.180	0.670–2.078	0.57
Lactate	1.234	1.060–1.437	0.01
WBC	1.000	1.000–1.000	0.12
Hb	0.989	0.816–1.199	0.90
APACHE II score	1.124	1.023–1.235	0.02
AKI	3.781	0.965–14.822	0.06
L-FABP at admission	2.012	0.977–4.145	0.06
L-FABP at 6 h later	3.657	1.729–7.736	<0.01
L-FABP variation	8.285	1.798–38.166	0.01

AKI: acute kidney injury; Alb: albumin; APACHE: acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; Cr: creatinine; CRP: C-reactive protein; Hb: hemoglobin; L-FABP: liver-type fatty acid-binding protein; WBC: white blood cell.

Table 4. Multivariate analysis.

Parameters	Odds ratio	95% CI	VIF	p-Value
Age	0.997	0.936–1.061	2.54	0.92
Male	9.863	0.735–132.411	1.32	0.08
Body mass index	0.871	0.721–1.053	1.40	0.15
Primary disease	1.043	0.763–1.426	1.44	0.79
Charlson comorbidity index	0.927	0.577–1.488	1.16	0.75
CRP/Alb	1.039	0.810–1.332	1.16	0.76
Lactate	1.278	1.025–1.592	1.23	0.03
APACHE II score	1.086	0.943–1.251	2.07	0.25
AKI	6.309	0.777–51.201	1.59	0.08
L-FABP variation	16.783	1.817–154.989	1.15	0.01

AKI: acute kidney injury; Alb: albumin; APACHE: acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; CRP: C-reactive protein; L-FABP: liver-type fatty acid-binding protein.

Figure 2. The receiver operating characteristic curve about L-FABP variation.

Data availability statement

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.