Peritoneal transport status and first episode of peritonitis: a large cohort study

Figures & data

Figure 1. Screening process for enrolled patients.

Table 1. Reasons for withdrawal from PD therapy.

Reasons	Data (;n,%)
Transfer to HD	75
Peritonitis	48 (64%)
Dialysis incomplete	12 (16%)
Ultrafiltration failure	10 (13.33%)
Psychosocial reasons	5 (6.67%)
Death	102
Cardiovascular diseases	34 (33.33%)
Cerebrovascular diseases	30 (29.41%)
Dialysis failure	13 (12.75%)
Alimentary tract hemorrhage	8 (7.84%)
Infection	6 (5.88%)
Multiple organ failure	5 (4.9%)
Others	6 (5.88%)

PD: peritoneal dialysis; HD: hemodialysis.

Table 2. Outcome of the different organisms infection for the first episode of peritonitis (n = 174).

Causative organisms	Number of cases (n)	Cure (n, %)	Transfer to HD (n, %)	Death (n, %)
Gram-positive organism	61	58 (95.1%)	3 (4.9%)
Gram-negative organisms	29	23 (79.3%)	5 (17.2%)	1 (3.5%)
Fungi	9	4 (44.4%)	5 (55.6%)
Multiple organisms	3	1 (33.3%)	1 (33.3%)	1 (33.3%)
No microbiological information	72	61 (84.7%)	11 (15.3%)

HD: hemodialysis.

Table 3. Baseline characteristics of patients.

Variable	Peritonitis (n = 174)	Nonperitonitis (n = 417)	p
Mean age (years)	49.86 ± 13.47	47.84 ± 12.972	0.051
Gender (male/female)	157/134 (1.17)	342/252 (1.35)	0.968
Diabetes mellitus (n, %)	25,14.3%	52,12.4%	0.681
Residence (city/rural)	115/176	283/311	0.232
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.04 ± 3.28	22.18 ± 3.23	0.607
Hb (130–175g//L)	75.31 ± 16.71	75.83 ± 17.1	0.715
Serum albumin (40.0–55.0g//L)	32.85 ± 4.35	34.66 ± 4.44	<0.001
LDL-C (<2.59mmol/L)	2.16 ± 0.78	2.21 ± 0.79	0.452
TG (<1.7mmol/L)	1.35 ± 0.86	1.35 ± 0.83	0.938
CH (<4.41mmol/L)	4.09 ± 1.11	4.15 ± 1.16	0.551
BUN (2.6–8.8mmol/L)	26.66 ± 9.97	27.79 ± 10.97	0.184
Scr (41–81µmol/L)	973.79 ± 386.20	1003.57 ± 413.36	0.356
Potassium (3.5–5.3mmol/L)	4.41 ± 0.78	4.51 ± 0.84	0.138
Calcium (2.2–2.7mmol/L)	1.95 ± 0.32	1.93 ± 0.28	0.331
Phosphorus (0.85–1.51mmol/L)	1.99 ± 0.72	2.00 ± 0.65	0.910
iPTH (12–88pg/ml)	327.59 ± 275.76	315.75 ± 233.60	0.660
RGFR (ml/min/1.73 m^2)	4.12 ± 1.88	3.89 ± 1.23	0.451
KT/V	2.1 ± 0.23	2.08 ± 0.36	0.543
Peritoneal transport status			<0.001
Low (n)	38 (21.84%)	140 (33.57%)
Low-average (n)	63 (36.21%)	176 (42.21%)
High-average (n)	50 (28.73%)	90 (21.58%)
High (n)	23 (13.22%)	11 (2.64%)

BMI: body mass index; Hb: hemoglobin; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; CH: Total cholesterol; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; Scr: serum creatinine; iPTH: intactparathyroidhormone; RGFR: residual glomerular filtrationrate; Kt/V: urea clearance index.

Table 4. Baseline characteristics of patients in different transport types.

Variable	Low (n = 178)	Low-average (n = 239)	High-average (n = 140)	High (n = 34)	p
Gender (male/female)	95/83 (1.14)	176/63 (2.74)	90/50 (1.8)	23/11 (2.09)	<0.001
Mean age (years)	44.84 ± 13.22	46.40 ± 13.01	49.20 ± 12.88	51.03 ± 12.72	0.006
Diabetes mellitus (n,%)	4,2.25%	17,7.11%	22,15.71%	6,17.65%	<0.001
BMI (kg/m^2)	21.62 ± 3.1	22.19 ± 3.2	22.12 ± 3.1	21.38 ± 2.9	0.198
Hb (130–175g//L)	78.86 ± 17.86	75.13 ± 16.7	75.32 ± 17.31	78.44 ± 18.82	0.123
Serum albumin (40.0–55.0g//L)	35.19 ± 4.8	33.8 ± 4.3	33.89 ± 3.89	33.12 ± 4.6	0.004
LDL-C (<2.59mmol/L)	2.14 ± 0.75	2.22 ± 0.76	2.26 ± 0.85	2.18 ± 0.87	0.622
TG (<1.7mmol/L)	1.31 ± 0.85	1.42 ± 0.88	1.3 ± 0.88	1.40 ± 0.97	0.505
CH (<4.41mmol/L)	4.05 ± 1.28	4.18 ± 1.05	4.22 ± 1.17	4.29 ± 1.20	0.518
BUN (2.6–8.8mmol/L)	28.56 ± 11.7	28.14 ± 11.41	26.41 ± 10.16	26.78 ± 8.31	0.317
Scr (41–81µmol/L)	1032.42 ± 423.57	1018.35 ± 406.01	985.39 ± 426.03	961.18 ± 409.88	0.671
Potassium (3.5–5.3mmol/L)	4.43 ± 0.83	4.47 ± 0.83	4.55 ± 0.77	4.47 ± 0.98	0.594
Calcium (2.2–2.7mmol/L)	1.96 ± 0.27	1.96 ± 0.34	1.96 ± 0.31	1.91 ± 0.37	0.764
Phosphorus (0.85–1.51mmol/L)	1.98 ± 0.68	2.06 ± 0.68	1.94 ± 0.64	2.19 ± 0.80	0.234
iPTH (12–88pg/ml)	319.97 ± 190.12	300.05 ± 106.34	323.92 ± 112.43	242.13 ± 105.96	0.493
KT/V	1.94 ± 0.13	1.96 ± 0.21	2.12 ± 0.33	2.15 ± 0.23	0.078

BMI: body mass index; Hb: hemoglobin; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; CH: Total cholesterol; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; Scr: serum creatinine; iPTH: intactparathyroidhormone; Kt/V: urea clearance index.

Figure 2. Kaplan-Meier curves of comparative technique survival by peritoneal dialysis patients of peritonitis VS nonperitonitis.

Figure 3. Kaplan-Meier curves of comparative overall survival by peritoneal dialysis patients of peritonitis VS nonperitonitis.

Table 5. Risk factors of first peritonitis episode.

	Univariate Analysis			Multivariate Analysis
Variable	HR	(95% CI)	p	HR	(95%CI)	p
Mean age(>65years)	1.014	1.002–1.026	0.020	1.041	0.595–1.822	0.888
Gender (male)	1.001	0.743–1.351	0.992
Diabetes mellitus	1.624	1.108–2.591	0.260
Residence (city vs. country)	0.890	0.675–1.205	0.452
BMI (kg/m^2)	0.982	0.935–1.032	0.470	0.981	0.929–1.037	0.505
Hb (130–175g//L)	0.916	0.991–1.008	1.000
Serum albumin (40.0–55.0g//L)	0.922	0.890–0.955	<0.001	0.932	0.896–0.969	0.004
LDL-C(<2.59mmol/L)	0.895	0.726–1.104	0.299
TG (<1.7mmol/L)	0.985	0.827–1.127	0.866
CH (<4.41mmol/L)	0.967	0.843–1.110	0.638
BUN (2.6–8.8mmol/L)	0.990	0.977–1.003	0.132
Scr(41–81µmol/L)	1.000	0.999–1.000	0.322
Potassium (3.5–5.3mmol/L)	0.913	0.722–1.155	0.448
Calcium (2.2–2.7mmol/L)	1.240	0.746–2.061	0.406
Phosphorus (0.85–1.51mmol/L)	1.015	0.890–1.214	0.457
iPTH (12–88pg/ml)	0.999	0.998–1.001	0.263
eGFR(ml/min/1.73 m^2)	0.891	0.872–1.023	0.326
KT/V	0.876	0.624–1.003	0.453
Peritoneal transport status	1.765	1.306–2.386	<0.001	1.872	1.349–2.599	0.006
(H,HA vs.L,LA)

BMI: body mass index; Hb: hemoglobin; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol TG: triglyceride; CH: total cholesterol; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; Scr: serum creatinine; iPTH: intactparathyroidhormone; RGFR: residual estimated glomerular filtrationrate; Kt/V: urea clearance index; H: high; HA: high-average; L:low; LA: low-average.

Table 6. Risk factors of technique failure.

	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
Variable	HR	(95% CI)	p	HR (95% CI)		p
Mean age(>65years)	1.206	0.840–1.733	0.043	1.004	0.994–1.014	0.448
Gender (male)	1.500	1.583–1.983	0.002	1.409	1.103–1.800	0.010
Diabetes mellitus	1.410	0.976–2.036	0.060	1.098	0.742–1.627	0.639
Residence(rural)	1.396	1.113–1.755	0.004	1.342	1.037–1.691	0.024
BMI (kg/m2)	0.887	0.922–1.073	0.470
Hb (130–175g//L)	0.993	0.978–1.007	0.327
Serum albumin (40.0–55.0g//L)	0.994	0.940–0.992	0.010	0.965	0.938–0.968	0.015
LDL-C (<2.59mmol/L)	1.591	0.823–3.704	0.167
TG (<1.7mmol/L)	0.952	0.663–1.367	0.789
CH (<4.41mmol/L)	0.995	0.615–1.613	0.985
BUN (2.6–8.8mmol/L)	0.993	0.960–1.208	0.696
Scr(41–81µmol/L)	1.001	0.999–1.001	0.141
Potassium (0.85–1.51mmol/L)	1.224	0.907–1.652	0.855
Calcium (2.2–2.7mmol/L)	1.407	0.592–3.344	0.439
Phosphorus(0.85–1.51mmol/L)	1.015	0.890–1.214	0.27
iPTH (12–88pg/ml)	0.999	0.998–1.001	0.304
RGFR(ml/min/1.73 m2)	0.991	0.925–1.063	0.809
KT/V	0.876	0.624–1.003	0.453
Peritoneal transport status	1.102	0.663–1.834	0.707
(H,HA vs.L,LA)

BMI: body mass index; Hb: hemoglobin; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol TG: triglyceride; CH: total cholesterol; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; Scr: serum creatinine; iPTH: intactparathyroidhormone; RGFR: residual glomerular filtrationrate; Kt/V: urea clearance index; H: high; HA: high-average; L: low; LA: low-average.

Table 7. Risk factors of overall mortality.

	Univariate Analysis			Multivariate Analysis
Variable	HR	(95% CI)	p	HR (95% CI)		p
Mean age (>65years)	3.186	1.002–1.026	<0.001	1.059	1.042–1.076	<0.001
Gender (male)	2.246	0.700–7.210	0.174
Diabetes mellitus	2.791	1.694–4.599	<0.001	1.766	1.019–1.365	0.401
Residence (rural)	1.611	1.092–2.375	0.016	0.836	0.553–1.263	0.394
BMI (kg/m2)	0.923	0.774–1.100	0.369
Hb (130–175g//L)	0.962	0.991–1.000	0.068
Serum albumin (40.0–55.0g//L)	0.921	0.880–0.964	<0.001	0.938	0.895–0.984	0.008
LDL (<2.59mmol/L)	4.991	1.076–23.145	0.060
TG (<1.7mmol/L)	1.508	0.403–2.781	0.908
CH (<4.41mmol/L)	0.585	0.186–1.837	0.358
BUN (2.6–8.8mmol/L)	0.984	0.916–1.057	0.653
Scr(41–81µmol/L)	0.999	0.997–1.001	0.183
Potassium (3.5–5.3mmol/L)	2.23	1.074–4.630	0.331
Calcium (2.2–2.7mmol/L)	0.345	0.043–2.751	0.315
Phosphorus (0.85–1.51mmol/L)	1.443	0.890–1.214	0.496
iPTH (12–88pg/ml)	0.997	0.993–1.001	0.149
RGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)	0.985	0.857–1.133	0.837
KT/V	0.876	0.624–1.003	0.453
Peritoneal transport status	1.839	0.573–5.902	0.306
(H,HA vs.L,LA)

BMI: body mass index; Hb: hemoglobin; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; CH: total cholesterol; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; Scr: serum creatinine; iPTH: intactparathyroidhormone; RGFR: residual glomerular filtrationrate; Kt/V: urea clearance index; H: high; HA: high-average; L: low; LA: low-average.