Comparison of clinical outcome between incremental peritoneal dialysis and conventional peritoneal dialysis: a propensity score matching study

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline characteristics of enrolled peritoneal dialysis patients.

Characteristics	Before propensity score matching			After propensity score matching
	Conventional PD	Incremental PD	p Value	Conventional PD	Incremental PD	p Value
Patients, n	232	71		78	39
Age (years)	58.8 ± 14.3	60.8 ± 12.6	.293	58.2 ± 13.8	58.2 ± 13.7	.989
Male, n (%)	143 (61.6)	39 (54.9)	.313	47 (60.3)	23 (59.0)	1.000
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	93 (40.1)	35 (49.3)	.169	29 (37.2)	15 (38.5)	1.000
Duration of PD (month)	29.2 ± 22.1	31.2 ± 23.4	.502	39.5 ± 24.7	49.8 ± 26.7	.041
Laboratory findings
Creatinine (mg/dL)	8.9 ± 3.4	7.2 ± 2.7	<.001	10.1 ± 3.9	7.3 ± 2.7	<.001
GFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	6.8 ± 4.6	8.0 ± 3.4	.052	5.9 ± 3.4	8.3 ± 3.8	.001
BUN (mg/dL)	93.8 ± 30.0	79.5 ± 25.7	.001	98.0 ± 32.3	79.7 ± 27.3	.003
Albumin(g/dL)	3.5 ± 0.5	3.5 ± 0.5	.888	3.5 ± 0.5	3.5 ± 0.4	.673
Potassium (mmol/L)	4.6 ± 0.8	4.6 ± 0.7	.672	4.6 ± 0.8	4.5 ± 0.7	.439
Calcium (mg/dL)	7.8 ± 1.0	7.8 ± 1.0	.744	7.8 ± 1.1	7.9 ± 1.0	.531
Phosphorus (mg/dL)	5.4 ± 1.7	5.2 ± 1.2	.257	5.7 ± 1.9	5.0 ± 1.1	.010
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	9.2 ± 1.4	9.6 ± 1.1	.081	9.1 ± 1.4	9.6 ± 1.0	.069
HbA1c (%)	7.0 ± 1.7	7.3 ± 1.9	.285	6.9 ± 1.3	6.9 ± 1.9	.931
Urine volume (mL/day)	645.4 ± 383.5	718.9 ± 353.3	.527	597.4 ± 441.7	748.6 ± 395.8	.378

PD: peritoneal dialysis; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin; PD: peritonea dialysis.

Data are expressed as means ± SD or frequency.

Table 2. Baseline characteristics of peritoneal dialysis patients with absence or presence of diabetes mellitus.

Characteristics	Absence of DM			Presence of DM
	Conventional PD	Incremental PD	p Value	Conventional PD	Incremental PD	p Value
Patients, n	49	24		29	15
Age (years)	55.2 ± 15.3	54.7 ± 15.2	.888	63.2 ± 9.1	63.7 ± 8.7	.864
Male, n (%)	25 (51.0)	12 (50.0)	1.000	22 (75.9)	11 (73.3)	1.000
Duration of PD (month)	45.0 ± 27.9	49.7 ± 31.0	.517	30.1 ± 14.4	49.9 ± 18.7	<.001
Laboratory findings
Creatinine (mg/dL)	11.3 ± 4.0	8.0 ± 3.0	.001	8.1 ± 2.7	6.1 ± 1.7	.016
GFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	4.8 ± 2.4	7.5 ± 4.2	.008	7.6 ± 4.2	9.5 ± 2.7	.110
BUN (mg/dL)	104.4 ± 34.1	81.8 ± 30.2	.007	87.1 ± 26.0	76.2 ± 22.4	.177
Albumin(g/dL)	3.5 ± 0.5	3.6 ± 0.4	.951	3.4 ± 0.5	3.5 ± 0.5	.540
Potassium (mmol/L)	4.5 ± 0.7	4.6 ± 0.7	.722	4.8 ± 0.9	4.3 ± 0.7	.114
Calcium (mg/dL)	7.8 ± 1.2	7.8 ± 1.0	.915	7.7 ± 0.8	8.1 ± 1.0	.163
Phosphorus (mg/dL)	6.1 ± 2.1	5.0 ± 1.1	.004	5.0 ± 1.2	4.9 ± 1.2	.773
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	9.1 ± 1.4	9.3 ± 0.8	.341	9.2 ± 1.3	10.0 ± 1.2	.060
HbA1c (%)				7.7 ± 1.1	8.1 ± 1.8	.374

PD: peritoneal dialysis; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin; PD: peritonea dialysis.

Data are expressed as means ± SD or frequency.

Figure 1. The Kaplan–Meier curve for (A) death and (B) transfer to HD (log-rank test, p= .067, p= .409).

Figure 2. The Kaplan–Meier curve for death according to (A) absence or (B) presence of DM (log-rank test, p= .180, p= .009).

Table 3. Multivariate Cox proportional model for mortality among 117 enrolled PD patients.

Characteristics	Univariate		Multivariate
	HR (95% CI)	p Value	HR^a (95% CI)	p Value
Age (years)	1.065 (1.030–1.101)	<.001	1.060 (1.023–1.099)	.001
Male, n (%)	1.285 (0.653–2.527)	.468	1.369 (0.684–2.741)	.375
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	2.030 (1.013–4.067)	.046	1.621 (0.764–3.441)	.208
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.873 (0.781–0.977)	.018	0.950 (0.838–1.077)	.422
Incremental peritoneal dialysis, n (%)	0.645 (0.308–1.351)	.245	0.504 (0.230–1.104)	.087

^aClinical parameters (age, gender, diabetes mellitus, and creatinine) were examined with incremental peritoneal dialysis.

Table 4. Cox proportional model for mortality in 44 patients with diabetes mellitus.

Characteristics	Univariate
	HR (95% CI)	p Value
Age (years)	1.061 (0.988–1.140)	.104
Male, n (%)	1.201 (0.411–3.505)	.738
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.983 (0.796–1.214)	.872
Incremental peritoneal dialysis, n (%)	0.148 (0.032–0.678)	.014

Figure 3. The Kaplan–Meier curve for (A) peritonitis and (B) hospitalization (log-rank test, p= .002, p= .058).