Effect of bioelectrical impedance technology on the prognosis of dialysis patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow diagram of included studies.

Table 1. Retrieval strategy.

Pubmed	‘Renal Dialysis’[Mesh] dialyses renal [Title/Abstract] renal dialyses [Title/Abstract] dialysis renal [Title/Abstract] hemodialyses [Title/Abstract] haemofiltration [Title/Abstract] hemodiafiltration [Title/Abstract] peritoneal dialysis [Title/Abstract] extracorporeal dialysis [Title/Abstract] extracorporeal dialyses [Title/Abstract] dialyses extracorporeal [Title/Abstract] hemodialysis [Title/Abstract] dialysis extracorporeal [Title/Abstract]	‘Electric Impedance’[Mesh] bioelectrical impedance [Title/Abstract] resistance electrical [Title/Abstract] impedance [Title/Abstract] impedance electric [Title/Abstract] impedance electrical [Title/Abstract] bioimpedance [Title/Abstract] impedance cardiography [Title/Abstract] impedance spectroscopy [Title/Abstract] electrical impedance [Title/Abstract]
Cochrane	(dialysis): ti, ab, kw (hemodialysis): ti, ab, kw (peritoneal dialysis): ti, ab, kw (hemodiafiltration): ti, ab, kw (haemofiltration): ti, ab, kw (renal dialysis): ti, ab, kw (extracorporeal dialysis): ti, ab, kw	(bio impedance): ti, ab, kw (electrical impedance): ti, ab, kw (bioelectrical impedance): ti, ab, kw (impedance): ti, ab, kw (resistance electrical): ti, ab, kw (impedance cardiography): ti, ab, kw (impedance spectroscopy)ti, ab, kw
Embase	‘Dialysis’ ‘hemodialysis’ ‘Dialysis extracorporeal’ ‘Extracorporeal dialyses’ ‘Extracorporeal dialysis’ ‘Peritoneal dialysis’ ‘haemofiltration’ ‘hemodiafiltration’ ‘hemodialysis’ ‘Renal dialysis’ ‘Renal dialyses’ ‘Dialysis renal’	‘Impedance’ ‘Impedance spectroscopy’ ‘Impedance cardiography’ ‘Bio impedance’ ‘Bioelectrical impedance’ ‘Impedance bioelectric’ ‘Resistance electrical’ ‘Bioelectrical impedance’

Table 2. Characteristics of included trials.

Source	Participants	Country	n	Technology used	Primary outcomes	secondary outcomes	Duration
Brimble et al. [16]	Regular PD	Canada	65	Bioimpedance using Quadscan 4000 (Bodystat) by the vector graph method assessed every 2 mo	All-cause mortality	LVMI	1 year
Huan-Sheng et al. [25]	Regular HD	China	298	Bioimpedance every month using BCM (Fresenius Medical Care)	All-cause mortality	–	1 year
Hur et al. [28]	Regular HD	Turkey	156	Bioimpedance twice monthly using BCM (Fresenius Medical Care)	All-cause mortality	LVMI, PWV	1 year
Liu et al. [19]	Regular HD	China	445	Bioimpedance every 2 mo using BCM (Fresenius Medical Care)	All-cause mortality	–	13.7 mo
Onofriescu et al. [29]	Regular HD	Romania	135	Bioimpedance every 3 mo using BCM (Fresenius Medical Care)	All-cause mortality	PWV, NT-proBNP	12 mo
Onofriescu et al. [27]	Regular HD	Romania	131	Bioimpedance every 3 mo using BCM (Fresenius Medical Care)	All-cause mortality	PWV	3.5 years
Oh et al. [22]	Regular PD	Korea	137	Bioimpedance using BCM (Fresenius medical care) twice per month	All-cause mortality	PWV, LVMI	1 year
Patel et al. [21]	Regular HD	India	50	Bioimpedance every 15 d using BCM (Fresenius Medical Care)	All-cause mortality	–	6 mo
Paunić et al. [18]	Regular HD	Germany	83	Bioimpedance using BCM (Fresenius medical care) every mo and frequency increased to every wk if OH > 15% or symptoms	All-cause mortality	NT-proBNP, LVMI	9 mo
Siriopol et al. [23]	Regular HD	Romania	250	Monthly lung ultrasound and BIA	All-cause mortality	NT-proBNP PWV	21.3 ± 5.6 mo
Sommerer et al. [15]	Regular HD	Germany	132	Adjust body fluid volume according to BIA	All-cause mortality	NT-proBNP	12 weeks
Tan et al. [24]	Regular PD	China and UK	308	Bioimpedance (vector plot analysis) every 3 mo using BI 101 ASE (Akern, Italy)	All-cause mortality	–	12 mo
Tian et al. [17]	Regular PD	China	240	Bioimpedance every 1–3 mo using	All-cause mortality	–	1 year
Yoon et al. [20]	Regular PD	Korea	201	Bioimpedance every 1–3 mo using BCM (Fresenius Medical Care)	All-cause mortality	LVMI	12 mo
Zhou et al. [26]	Regular HD	Germany	105	Bioimpedance every 3 mo using BCM (Fresenius Medical Care)	–	LVMI	12 mo

HD: hemodialysis; DP: peritoneal dialysis; BIA: bioelectrical impedance analysis; BIS: bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy; BCM: body composition monitor.

Figure 2. Forest plot of the effect on all-cause mortality in different dialysis groups.

Figure 3. Forest plot of the effect on all-cause mortality in different continents.

Figure 4. Forest plot of the effect on LVMI.

Figure 5. Forest plot of the effect on NT-proBNP.

Figure 6. Forest plot of the effect on arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity in m/s).

Figure 7. Risk of bias summary graph.

Figure 8. Risk of bias graph.

Figure 9. Funnel plot for all-cause mortality.

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Data availability statement

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.