An ultrasound-guided no incision banding method for the treatment of arteriovenous fistula high-flow in hemodialysis

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow chart of the study.

Figure 2. The operation process of NILLINR.

Table 1. Clinical characteristics of patients with high-flow access.

Characteristics
Age, mean ± SD, year	37.9 ± 10.8
Male, n (%)	20 (76.9%)
Diabetes, n (%)	9 (34.6%)
Age of AVF, mean ± SD, months	30.3 ± 11.2
AVF type
Brachial-cephalic AVF, n (%)	6 (23.1%)
Radial-cephalic AVF, n (%)	20 (76.9%)

SD: standard deviation; AVF: arteriovenous fistula.

Table 2. Cardiac function evaluation of patients who underwent NILLINR procedures according to NYHA classification of heart failure.

Before operation	N (%)
Heart Failure	26 (100.0%)
NYHA classification
I	0 (0.0%)
II	16 (51.5%)
III	10 (48.5%)
IV	0 (0.0%)
After operation	N (%)
Heart Failure	5 (19.2%)
NYHA classification
I	21 (80.8%)
II	5 (19.2%)
III	0 (48.5%)
IV	0 (0.0%)

NYHA: New York Heart Association.

Figure 3. The changes in volume flow of the brachial artery before (a) and after (b) NILLINR operation. BA: brachial artery.

Figure 4. The changes in volume flow of the brachial artery before and after ultrasound-guided NILLINER procedure. (a) 1 banding procedure; (b) 2 banding procedure. PreOp, pre-operation; PostOp: post-operation; Op + 6 months: 6 months after operation; Op + 1 year: 1 year after the operation.

Figure 5. A representative picture shows the skin condition of the patient’s surgical site.

Table 3. Preoperative and postoperative brachial artery flow* of patients.

Variables
Banding times
1, n (%)	18 (69.2%)
2, n (%)	8 (30.8%)
Operation duration, mean ± SD, min	8.5 ± 3.3
The volume flow of the brachial artery before the operation, mL/min	2196.2 ± 416.9
The volume flow of the brachial artery post-operation, mL/min	679.2 ± 67.1
The volume flow of the brachial artery at 6 months post-operation, mL/min	720.2 ± 164.7
The volume flow of the brachial artery at 12 months post-operation, mL/min	713.9 ± 173.8

SD: standard deviation. *measured by duplex Doppler ultrasound.

Data availability statement

The data underlying this article will be shared on reasonable request with the corresponding authors.