Figures & data
Figure 1. Study design for a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study on gut microbiota and primary membranous nephropathy (pMN). IV: instrumental variable; GWAS: genome-wide association study; SNP: single-nucleotide polymorphism; MR-PRESSO: Mendelian randomization polytropic residuals and outliers.
Figure 2. Discovery cohort MR analysis of the main results. The exposure factor in the forward analysis was gut microbiota and in the reverse analysis was primary membranous nephropathy. OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.
Figure 3. Validation of the main results of the cohort MR analysis. The exposure factor in the forward analysis was gut microbiota and in the reverse analysis was primary membranous nephropathy. OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.
Table 1. Discovery cohort sensitivity analysis of the main results.
Table 2. Validation cohort sensitivity analysis of the main results.
Supplemental Material
Download Zip (37.3 MB)Data availability statement
All the original GWAS data used in this study can be obtained free of charge in the IEU OPEN GWAS project. The website is https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk/.