Prevalence and Correlates of Anxiety, Depression, Perceived Stress, and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Parents with Adolescents in Residential Treatment

Figures & data

Table 1. Parent Demographics N = 71.

Characteristic	N (%)	Characteristic	N (%)
Age (Median, IQR)	48 (40–51)	Education
Gender		Less than HS/HS degree	4 (6)
Female	53 (75)	Some college with no degree	5 (7)
Male	18 (25)	Associates degree	6 (9)
Race		Bachelor’s degree	29 (41)
Asian, NHOPI, AIAN	6 (9)	Graduate degree	27 (38)
Black or African American	11 (15)	Household Income ($)
More than one race	3 (4)	0–39 K	8 (11)
Other/unknown	1 (1)	40–59 K	8 (11)
White	50 (70)	60–79 K	12 (17)
Ethnicity		80–99 K	7 (10)
Hispanic or Latinx	6 (9)	100 K+	36 (51)
Relationship to adolescent		Employment Status
Adoptive parent	11 (16)	Disabled or retired	3 (4)
Biological parent	60 (85)	Unemployed not looking	13 (18)
Marital Status		Unemployed looking for work	6 (9)
Partnered	61 (86)	Employed part-time	12 (17)
Unpartnered	10 (14)	Employed full time	37 (52)
Number of Children in RT (Median, IQR)	2 (1–3)	Custody Maintained	59 (83)

IQR = interquartile range; NHOPI = Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander; AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native

Table 2. Adolescent demographics N = 71.

Characteristic	N (%)	Characteristic	N (%)
Age (Median, IQR)	15.0 (13 −17)	Age Symptoms Started (Median, IQR)	10.0 (5–13)
Gender		Parent-Reported Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders
Female	37 (52)	Neurodevelopmental//Behavioral Disorders	35 (49)
Male	34 (48)	Schizophrenia Spectrum & Psychotic Disorders	3 (4)
Race		Bipolar & Depressive Disorders	48 (68)
Asian, NHOPI, AIAN	4 (6)	Anxiety & Related Disorders	43 (61)
Black or African American	13 (18)	Trauma & Stress-Related Disorders	15 (21)
More Than One Race	5 (7)	Substance Abuse Disorders	12 (17)
Other/unknown	7 (10)	OCD & Related Disorders	20 (28)
White	42 (59)	Disruptive, Impulsive-Control & Conduct Disorders	7 (10)
Ethnicity		Personality Disorders	5 (7)
Hispanic or Latinx	6 (9)
Current Living Location
Residential treatment	26 (37)
Group home or foster care	2 (3)
Home or friend/relative home	29 (41)
Inpatient psychiatric treatment	2 (3)
Other	12 (17)

Note: Parents could select more than one adolescent psychiatric disorder; IQR = interquartile range; NHOPI = Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander; AIAN = American Indian or Alaska Native.

Table 3. Relationships between contextual factors and parent mental health.

	Perceived Stress	Anxiety	Depression	PTSD
	p-value	p-value	p-value	p-value
Adolescent Contextual Factors
Gender	0.8	0.4	0.007*	>0.9
Race	0.033*	0.9	0.6	0.3
Ethnicity	0.067	0.4	0.4	0.5
Living Location	0.063	0.7	0.2	0.4
Living in RT	0.045*	0.6	0.5	0.8
Custody Status	0.2	>0.9	0.6	0.2
Age	0.8	0.9	0.5	0.3
Age at Onset	0.6	0.5	0.9	0.2
Parent Contextual Factors
Gender	0.2	0.9	0.10	>0.9
Race	0.013*	>0.9	0.6	0.5
Ethnicity	0.003*	0.2	0.2	0.8
Marital Status	0.8	0.2	0.2	0.002*
Relationship to Adolescent	0.6	0.12	0.4	0.7
Income	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.8
Education	0.095	.089	0.12	0.8
Employment Status	>0.9	0.7	0.7	0.2
Age	0.7	0.3	0.2	0.2

Table 4. Associations between diagnostic categories and parent mental health.

Parent-Reported Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders	Perceived Stress		Anxiety		Depression		PTSD
	Median (IQR)	p	Median (IQR)	p	Median (IQR)	p	Median (IQR)	p
Anxiety and related disorders
Yes	21 (17–24)	0.2	8 (5–11)	0.6	10 (8–12)	0.6	1 (0–3)	0.10
No	16 (14–24)		7 (5–10)		9 (5–12)		0 (0–1)
Bipolar and depressive disorders
Yes	21 (16–25)	0.071	8 (6–12)	0.043*	11 (7–13)	0.019*	0 (0–3)	0.3
No	15 (14–21)		6 (5–8)		8 (4–10)		0 (0–1)
Disruptive, impulsive-control, and conduct disorders
Yes	17 (16–19)	0.3	4 (2–6)	0.016*	6 (4–8)	0.025*	1 (0–2)	0.9
No	20 (15–25)		8 (6–12)		10 (7–12)		0 (0–3)
Neurodevelopmental, cognitive, and behavioral disorders
Yes	17 (15–24)	0.3	8 (5–10)	0.9	10 (7–12)	0.7	0 (0–3)	0.4
No	22 (16–25)		7 (5–12)		8 (6–12)		0 (0–3)
Obsessive compulsive disorder and related disorders
Yes	22 (16–26)	0.3	7 (5–12)	0.6	9 (6–11)	0.12	0 (0–3)	0.9
No	18 (15–24)		8 (6–11)		11 (7–12)		0 (0–3)
Personality disorders
Yes	16 (14–19)	0.4	5 (3–8)	0.3	7 (6–8)	0.078	3 (2–4)	0.3
No	20 (15–24)		8 (5–11)		10 (7–12)		0 (0–3)
Schizophrenia spectrum and psychotic disorders
Yes	16 (16–16)	0.5	0 (0–0)	0.10	4 (4–4)	0.14	1 (1–1)	0.8
No	20 (15–24)		8 (5–11)		10 (7–12)		0 (0–3)
Substance use disorder
Yes	20 (17–23)	0.7	12 (8–12)	0.02*	13 (10–16)	0.024*	0 (0–4)	0.9
No	20 (15–24)		7 (5–10)		9 (6–11)		0 (0–3)
Trauma and stress-related disorders
Yes	16 (15–24)	0.4	7 (6–10)	0.9	10 (4–11)	0.3	1 (0–2)	0.8
No	21 (16–24)		8 (5–12)		10 (7–13)		0 (0–3)

IQR = interquartile range