Deliberate Self-Harm, Substance Use, and Negative Affect in Nonclinical Samples: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT

Background and Method: A systematic literature review was conducted to examine associations between self-harm, substance use, and negative affect in nonclinical samples. Results: Forty-two articles describing 36 studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicated that individuals who engage in substance use are significantly more likely to engage in self-harm. It was also found that negative affective states such as depression and anxiety are consistently associated with self-harm. Conclusions: These findings provide some guidance in identifying those who are at increased risk of self-harm. Reducing these risk factors could be an important strategy in preventing self-harm behavior in the general population.

Keywords:

• Alcohol use
• drug use
• negative affect
• nonclinical sample
• self-harm
• systematic review