Butyrate and propionate production from D-mannitol in the large intestine of pig and rat

Figures & data

Figure 1.  ¹³C -NMR spectra of D-[1-¹³C]-mannitol and its metabolites at 6 h (a) and 24 h (b) of incubation.

Figure 2.  Degradation of D-[1-¹³C]-mannitol (•) (a) and the evolution of ¹³C-labeled short-chain fatty acids (b). ○, [3-¹³C]-propionate; ♦, [2-¹³C]-butyrate; ⋄, [4-¹³C]-butyrate; •, [2-¹³C]-propionate; ▴, [2-¹³C]-acetate;

, [2-¹³C]-valerate;

, [3-¹³C]-butyrate.

Table I.  Concentration (mmol/kg water in cecal contents) of short-chain fatty acids of cecal digesta of rats on day 0 and at the end of the experiment (day 22).

	Day 0	Day 22
Dietary group		C	5M	10M
Succinate	3.9±3.1	6.2±7.3	12.0±8.8	15.0±11.2
Lactate	0.9±1.2	0.3±0.3	0.8±0.7	7.9±11.3
Formate	1.6±1.9	0.8±0.5	1.1±0.6	2.2±1.6
Acetate	58.2±11.6^a	55.8±8.3^a	32.8±7.5^b	18.9±10.1^c
Propionate	17.8±3.5^a	17.6±3.2^a	15.6±7.4^a	9.8±5.0^b
iButyrate	1.0±0.6	1.3±0.3	1.0±0.3	0.5±0.4
Butyrate	7.0±2.5^a	7.5±2.0^a	31.7±5.1^ab	30.1±9.1^b
iValerate	0.9±0.2	1.2±0.4	1.3±0.3	0.8±0.4
Valerate	1.3±0.7	1.6±0.3	1.9±0.4	1.4±1.4

Values are mean±SD (n=6). Values followed by different superscripts differ significantly (p<0.05). C, basal diet; 5M, basal diet supplemented with 5% D-mannitol; 10M, basal diet supplemented with 10% D-mannitol. Day 0, n = 5; day 22, n = 6. For details, see text.

Figure 3.  Gel images of temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) on bacterial 16S rRNA genes retrieved from feces and cecal digesta of one rat from group C (a), one from group 5M (b) and one from group 10M (c). B, at the introduction of rat; 0, day 0; 1, day 1; 3, day 3; 10, day 10; 22, day 22; 22C, cecal digesta on day 22.

Figure 4.  Dendrograms calculated from the TGGE band profiles of one rat from group C, group 5M, or group 10M. For details see legend to Figure 3.

Table II.  Name of bacteria suggested by BLAST search on cloned 16S rRNA genes from rat feces.

	Day 0		Day 22
Suggested name	Accession no.	Share of clone in a library	Suggested name	Accession no.	Share of clone in a library
Group C
Clostridium orbiscindens	Y18187	23.9	Ruminococcus flavefaciens	AF030449	22.0
Ruminococcus flavefaciens	AF030449	14.9	Clostridium orbiscindens	Y18187	19.5
Ruminococcus bromii	X85099	13.4	Ruminococcus bromii	X85099	13.4
Clostridium thermosuccinogenes	Y18180	10.4	Clostridium thermosuccinogenes	Y18180	12.2
Clostridium sp.	Y10584	9.0	Eubacterium ventriosum	L34421	4.9
Phascolarctobacterium faecium	X72865	9.0	Oscillospira guillermondii	AB040496	3.7
Bacteroides distanonis	M86695	3.0	Clostridium sp.	Y10028	3.7
Oscillospira guillermondii	AB040496	3.0	Ruminococcus sp.	AB064900	2.4
Clostridium indolis	Y18184	3.0	Acetivibrio cellulolyticus	L35516	2.4
Bacterium ASF500	AF157051	1.5	Bacteroides capillosus	AY136666	2.4
Bacteroides capillosus	AY136666	1.5	Bacteroides distasonis	M86695	2.4
Bacteroides merdae	X83954	1.5	Clostridium indolis	Y18184	2.4
Clostridium viride	X81125	1.5	Clostridium nexile	X73443	2.4
Eubacterium desmolans	L34618	1.5	Clostridium methylpentosum	Y18181	1.2
Eubacterium ventriosum	L34421	1.5	Clostridium saccharolyticum	Y18185	1.2
Porphyromonas cangingivalis	X76259	1.5	Desulfotomaculum guttoideum	Y11568	1.2
			Desulfotomaculum thermobenzoicum	AJ294430	1.2
			Phascolarctobacterium faecium	X72865	1.2
Total clone number analyzed		67	Total clone number analyzed		93
Group 10M
Ruminococcus bromii	X85099	32.8	Bacteroides merdae	X83954	19.3
Lactobacillus murinus	AF157049	22.4	Clostridium indolis	Y18184	15.9
Bacterium 1-700	Z77445	14.9	Ruminococcus bromii	X85099	14.8
Eubacterium oxidoreducens	AF202259	14.9	Lactobacillus acidophilus	M58802	12.5
Clostridium populeti	X71853	4.5	Clostridium populeti	X71853	6.8
Clostridium lituseburense	M59107	3.0	Porphyromonas cangingivalis	X76259	4.5
Oscillospira guillermondii	AB040496	3.0	Bacteroides vulgatus	M58762	3.4
Bacteroides merdae	X83954	1.5	Clostridium leptum	AJ305238	3.4
Clostridium leptum	AF262239	1.5	Clostridium orbiscindens	Y18187	3.4
Ruminococcus obeum	X85101	1.5	Bacteroides distanonis	M86695	2.3
			Oscillospira guillermondii	AB040496	2.3
			Prevotella oulora	L16472	2.3
			Ruminococcus albus	AF104833	2.3
			Ruminococcus obeum	X85101	2.3
			Bacterium ASF500	AF157051	1.1
			Clostridium fusiformis	AF028349	1.1
			Clostridium sporosphaeroides	M59116	1.1
			Eubacterium rectale	L34627	1.1
Total clone number analyzed		67	Total clone number analyzed		88

One rat from each group was randomly selected. Partial 16S rRNA genes of fecal bacteria were amplified and cloned into a pGEM-T vector. After the restriction analyses, they were sequenced and subjected to BLAST search. The first-known bacteria suggested by the BLAST search program are presented.