Glucomannan hydrolysate (GMH) inhibition of Candida albicans growth in the presence of Lactobacillus and Lactococcus species

Figures & data

Table I.  Origin of microorganisms employed in the study.

Microorganism	Source/collection no.	Study code	Additional information
L. plantarum	A. Sutherland*	ADSL1	Isolated from salami
L. gasseri	NCDO^b 2233 ATCC^c 33323	ADSL2	Human mouth, gut and faeces
L. acidophilus	NCDO 1748 ATCC 4356	ADSL3	Human vaginal isolate
L. jensenii	ATCC 25258	ADSL4	Human vaginal discharge
L. crispatus	NCIMB^d 4505	ADSL5	Vaginal isolate of pregnant woman
L. reuteri	RC-14 Urex Biotech Inc. Canada	ADSL6	Human female urogenital tract
L. rhamnosus	GR-1 Urex Biotech Inc.	ADSL7	Human female urogenital tract
Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis	NCIMB 6681 ATCC 9936	ADSL8	Glasgow Caledonian University
C. albicans	G. Ramage†	ADSC1	Vaginal isolate
C. albicans	G. Ramage†	ADSC2	Vaginal isolate

NCDO, National Collection of Dairy Organisms, Aberdeen, UK; ATCC, American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA, USA;

NCIMB, National Collection of Industrial, Marine and Food Bacteria, Aberdeen, UK.

*Department of Biological Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.

†Glasgow University Dental School, Glasgow, UK.

Table II.  Maximum optical density (OD) growth of LAB cultures under various atmospheric conditions in media supplemented with carbohydrates.

	Mean* maximum OD in culture
	Aerobic			5% CO2			Anaerobic
	Glucose	Inulin	GMH (%)	Glucose	Inulin	GMH (%)	Glucose	Inulin	GMH (%)
LAB species	(1.0%)	(1.0%)	0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0	(1.0%)	(1.0%)	0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0	(1.0%)	(1.0%)	0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0
L. gasseri	0.62	0.10	0.15, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80	0.28	0.12	0.19, 0.48, 0.52, 0.68	0.15	0.02	0.09, 0.29, 0.44, 0.79
L. plantarum	0.22	0.10	0.20, 0.30, 0.35, 0.45	0.18	0.15	0.22, 0.34, 0.48, 0.67	0.14	0.16	0.15, 0.15, 0.20, 0.28
L. jensenii	0.29	0.13	0.20, 0.03, 0.30, 0.50	0.45	0.29	0.43, 0.45, 0.54, 0.80	0.40	0.42	0.41, 0.60, 0.68, 1.05
L. rhamnosus	0.10	0.00	0.05, 0.30, 0.40, 0.60	0.28	0.10	0.15, 0.40, 0.45, 0.61	0.27	0.19	0.18, 0.33, 0.40, 0.52
L. reuteri	0.00	0.00	0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00	0.20	0.06	0.09, 0.15, 0.16, 0.25	0.17	0.17	0.07, 0.19, 0.29, 0.07
L. crispatus	0.00	0.00	0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00	0.05	0.01	0.05, 0.10, 0.22, 0.27	0.43	0.40	0.10, 0.14, 0.13, 0.14
L. acidophilus	0.15	0.11	0.10, 0.05, 0.70, 1.00	0.15	0.14	0.21, 0.35, 0.50,0.65	0.18	0.17	0.17, 0.16, 0.21, 0.33
Lactococcus lactis1	0.29	0.16	0.20, 0.40, 0.45, 0.60	0.15	0.15	0.24,0.33, 0.45, 0.63	0.18	0.16	0.15, 0.25, 0.38, 0.48

GMH, glucomannan hydrolysate.

*Mean of duplicate cultures tested in triplicate.

Table III.  Mean growth (cfu/ml)^* of C. albicans ADSC1 in peptone water supplemented with different carbohydrates and in the absence of LAB.

	Carbohydrate
Atmospheric condition†	1.0% glucose	1.0% inulin	0.1% GMH	1.0% GMH
Aerobic	5.8×10^6	7.6×10^5	9.0×10^5	3.9×10^6
5% CO2	2.6×10^7	2.9×10^6	3.9×10^6	1.6×10^7
Anaerobic	4.6×10^5	1.4×10^5	1.6×10^5	5.0×10^5

*Mean data from studies conducted under aerobic, 5% CO₂ or anaerobic growth conditions.

†Inulin and 0.1% GMH gave significantly (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) less growth than glucose (control) under the three atmospheric conditions tested.

Table IV.  Mean inhibition of C. albicans ADSC1 growth in mixed culture with probiotic LAB compared to growth without LAB.

		10^7 cfu/ml probiotic LAB				10^5 cfu/ml probiotic LAB				10^3 cfu/ml probiotic LAB
Probiotic	Atmosphere	Glucose (1.0%)	Inulin (1.0%)	GMH (1.0%)	GMH (0.1%)	Glucose (1.0%)	Inulin (1.0%)	GMH (1.0%)	GMH (0.1%)	Glucose (1.0%)	Inulin (1.0%)	GMH (1.0%)	GMH (0.1%)
L. crispatus	Aerobic	±	±	±	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
	5% CO2	±	−	−	−	−	±	−	±	−	−	−	−
	Anaerobic	±	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
L. gasseri	Aerobic	+	−	+	±	−	−	±	±	−	−	−	−
	5% CO2	±	±	+	±	−	±	±	±	−	−	−	−
	Anaerobic	+ +	+	+	+ +	+ +	+ +	−	+ +	−	±	−	±
L. jensenii	Aerobic	−	−	−	−	−	+	−	±	±	±	−	+
	5% CO2	+	+	+	±	±	+	±	+	±	+	±	+
	Anaerobic	+ +	+ +	+ +	+ +	+ +	+ +	+ +	+ +	±	±	+	+
Lactococcus lactis	Aerobic	−	±	+	+	−	±	±	±	−	−	−	−
	5% CO2	±	+	+	+	±	±	−	±	−	−	−	−
	Anaerobic	±	+ +	+ +	+ +	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
L. plantarum	Aerobic	−	+	+	+	−	−	±	−	−	−	−	−
	5% CO2	±	+	+	+	−	±	±	±	−	−	−	−
	Anaerobic	±	+ +	+ +	+ +	−	±	±	+	−	−	−	±
L. reuteri	Aerobic	±	+	+	+	±	±	−	−	−	−	−	−
	5% CO2	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
	Anaerobic	+	±	+	+	±	−	±	±	−	−	−	−
L. rhamnosus	Aerobic	−	±	+	±	−	±	+	±	−	−	−	−
	5% CO2	+	±	+	±	±	±	±	−	−	−	−	−
	Anaerobic	±	+ +	+	+ +	±	+	−	+ +	−	±	−	±
L. acidophilus	Aerobic	±	±	+	+	±	−	±	−	−	−	−	−
	5% CO2	−	+	+	+	−	−	±	±	−	−	−	−
	Anaerobic	±	+	+ +	+ +	−	±	±	±	−	−	−	−
Total ±		12	7	1	5	7	10	12	11	3	4	1	3
Total +		4	8	15	8	0	3	0	2	0	1	1	3
Total + +		2	4	4	6	2	2	1	3	0	0	0	0
Total ±,+and + +		18	19	20	19	9	15	13	16	3	5	2	6

±, Greater than or equal to a 1 log reduction in C. albicans ADSC1 compared to growth in the presence of the same carbohydrate without the probiotic organism being present; +, greater than or equal to a 2 log reduction in C. albicans ADSC1 compared to growth in the presence of the same carbohydrate without the probiotic organism being present; ++, complete inhibition of C. albicans ADSC1 growth (limit of detection was 50 cfu/ml).